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Hops
,→Summary of Oxidized Hop Compounds
! Oxidized Compound !! Precursor !! Beer Soluble (Y/N/?) !! Bitterness Level !! Notes
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| Hulupones (colupulone, lupulone, cohulupone, hulupone) || Beta Acids (colupulone, lupulone) || Y || 84% as bitter as iso-alpha-acids || Degradation rate of beta acids into hulupones increases with temperature. Has a relatively low absorption in wort (4.8–10.4%). May also degrade into other unknown compounds other than hulupinic acids.
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| Hulupinic Acids || Hulupones || Y || Contributes marginal bitterness to beer || Antimicrobial towards Gram-positive bacteria, but also has a relatively low abortion in wort.