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* Potassium bitartrate (KHTa) is formed in wine, through the reaction between the bitartrate ion (HTa-), from tartaric acid (H2Ta), and the potassium ion (K+) found in grapes, especially grape skins. It is also known as potassium hydrogen tartrate, and commonly called "Cream of Tartar", "wine crystals", potassium salt of tartaric acid, tartrates, argols, tartres (French), Weinstein (German - "wine stones") <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_bitartrate Wikipedia. Potassium bitartrate. Retrieved 09/30/2015.]</ref><ref name="Monash">[http://www.monashscientific.com.au/PotassiumBitartrate.htm Monash Scientific. Potassium bitartrate. Retrieved 09/30/2015.]</ref>. KHTa build up appears as crystals in wine barrels. It has no affect on the taste of wine, and is assumed to have no affect on the taste of beer <ref>[https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1156200327741513/ Conversation in Milk The Funk about tartrates. 09/30/2015.]</ref><ref>[https://www.jordanwinery.com/files/FlexibleFile/289/Wine_Tartrates_FAQ.pdf UNDERSTANDING WINE TARTRATES. Jordan Winery. Retrieved 09/30/2015.]</ref>. They can be removed from the inside surface of barrels through cleaning with Proxycarb™ or another sodium percarbonate based cleaner such as scent-free Oxyclean™ (see the [http://barrelbuilders.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Barrel-Maintenance-Repair-Manual.pdf Barrel Builders Barrel Maintenance Repair Manual]).

*Alternative vessels include [https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1154676014560611/ Amphorea] and food-safe concrete vessels used in wine making (see [http://concretebeertanks.com/ Concrete Beer Tanks] and this [https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1247189481975930/ MTF thread]).