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update to wine crystals
* Barrels can be stored upright and used to add fruit to beer. A "punch-down" (punch down) process can be used to gently push the fruit under the surface of the beer to make sure it has contact within the beer, that CO2 is released, and that mold does not form. See [http://funkfactorybrewing.blogspot.com/2016/11/punch-down-beer.html "Punch Down Beer", blog article on Funk Factory Guezeria on fruiting in an upright barrel and punching down fruit].
* Barrels used by some lambic producers (notably [[3 Fonteinen]] and [[De Cam]]) were originally 4000 liter barrels used by breweries like Pilsner Urquell. The barrels used for lager brewing are [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_(resin) pitched]. However, they were rebuilt to hold 1000 liters, and the pitch was removed before being sent to lambic brewers in Pajottenland <ref> [http://www.booksaboutbeer.com/products/lambicland Lambicland by Webb, Pollard and McGinn (2010)]</ref><ref>[https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1152496341445245/?comment_id=1152514724776740&offset=0&total_comments=11&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R3%22%7D Conversation with Gareth Young and Raf Soef on MTF regarding lambic barrels. 09/22/2015.]</ref>.
* Potassium bitartrate (KHTa) is formed in wine, through the reaction between the bitartrate ion (HTa-), from tartaric acid (H2Ta), and the potassium ion (K+) found in grapes, especially grape skins. It is also known as potassium hydrogen tartrate, and commonly called "Cream of Tartar", "wine crystals", potassium salt of tartaric acid, tartrates, argols, tartres (French), Weinstein (German - "wine stones") <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_bitartrate Wikipedia. Potassium bitartrate. Retrieved 09/30/2015.]</ref><ref name="Monash">[http://www.monashscientific.com.au/PotassiumBitartrate.htm Monash Scientific. Potassium bitartrate. Retrieved 09/30/2015.]</ref>. KHTa build up appears as crystals in wine barrels. It has no affect on the taste of wine, and is assumed to have no affect on the taste of beer <ref>[https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1156200327741513/ Conversation in Milk The Funk about tartrates. 09/30/2015.]</ref><ref>[https://www.jordanwinery.com/files/FlexibleFile/289/Wine_Tartrates_FAQ.pdf UNDERSTANDING WINE TARTRATES. Jordan Winery. Retrieved 09/30/2015.]</ref>, however heavy build up of wine crystals can pose a problem <ref>[https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1845691305459075/?comment_id=1845862802108592&reply_comment_id=1846338265394379&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R0%22%7D Brandon Jones. Milk The Funk facebook comment on wine crystals. 10/10/2017.]</ref>. They can be removed from the inside surface of barrels through cleaning with Proxycarb™ or another sodium percarbonate based cleaner such as scent-free Oxyclean™ (see the [http://barrelbuilders.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Barrel-Maintenance-Repair-Manual.pdf Barrel Builders Barrel Maintenance Repair Manual]).
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