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A '''foeder''' (pronounced FOOD-er) is the Dutch word for a large wooden vat set vertically and used for either long term fermentation or primary fermentation. In Dutch, the synonym "vaten" is often used, which translates to English as "vat". The term "vat" is used in the United Kingdom. In Germany, the term is "bottich" or "holzbottich", which also translate to "wooden vat" in English <ref>Kunze, Wolfgang. "Technology: Brewing and Malting, Sixth Edition." 2019. Pgs 31,32.</ref><ref>Benedicht Koch. Private correspondence with Dan Pixley on the German word for "wooden vat". 01/18/2020.</ref>. It is written as "foudre" in French, or "foedre" by some American breweries (the word "foudre" in French more typically means "thunderbolt" <ref>[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foudre Foudre. French Wikipedia. Retrieved 10/23/2019.]</ref>). A foeder can range in size from 600 to 1 million liters <ref>[https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodenbach_(brouwerij) Dutch Wikipedia. Rodenbach (brouwerij). Retrieved 10/23/2019.]</ref><ref>[http://zythophile.co.uk/2019/10/18/do-you-gyle-your-ale-after-it-leaves-the-cooler-and-finishes-fermenting-in-the-vat-or-krausen-your-beer-post-coolship-when-its-run-out-of-the-foeder Martyn Cornell. Zythophile magazine. 10/18/2019. Retrieved 10/23/2019.]</ref><ref>[http://barclayperkins.blogspot.com/2019/05/runners-and-keepers.html Ron Pattenson. Shut Up About Barclay Perkins blog. 05/10/2019. Retrieved 10/23/2019.]</ref><ref>[https://beerconnoisseur.com/articles/what-foeder Jim Dykstra. "What is a Foeder?". The Beer Connoisseur. 09/08/2016. Retrieved 10/23/2019.]</ref>.