Berliner Weissbier

Berliner Weisse is a top-fermented, bottle conditioned wheat beer made with both traditional warm-fermenting yeasts and Lactobacillus culture. Traditional Berliner Weisse also often contained Brettanomyces . Traditional examples are described as being lightly sour, clear wheat beers with good head retention . Modern American examples tend to be more aggressively sour, and often have a rapidly vanishing head and a clear, pale golden straw-colored appearance. The taste is refreshing, tart, sour and acidic, with a lemony-citric fruit sharpness and almost no hop bitterness.

Historical Berliner Weisse is thought to be consisted of barley malt and poorly modified wheat malt (for head retention) in a 1:3 or 1:4 ratio. Decoction mashing was also used, and was thought to impact better flavor than a single infusion mash. Hops were added to the mash tun during the mashing process or boiled with the decoction. Wort was directly cooled after the decoction mash, and not boiled further. The wort was not boiled because brewers thought that this was necessary for the cultures found in the mixed fermentation, however after the turn of the 20th century it was discovered that the microorganisms originated from surfaces in the brewery. The mixed cultures during primary fermentation were made up of S. cerevisiae and lactic acid bacteria in a 4:1 to 6:1 ratio, and was fermented between 25-30°C. The beer was fermented in open vessels until fully attenuated, and then carbonated with 12% krausen for a high, champagne-like carbonation. The beer would continue to develop in the bottle due to Brettanomyces and lactic acid bacteria. Due to the difficulty in controlling the level of acidity, and re-using yeast slurries that were under stress from mixed fermentation, methods such as Wort Souring were developed to pre-sour the wort with Lactobacillus first before pitching yeast .

Served in wide bulbous stemmed glasses, tourists in Berlin will often order on as a "Berliner Weisse mit Schuss: Himbeere" or "Berliner Weisse mit Schuss: Waldmeister". These are syrups that are added to make the sourness more palatable. Himbeere is raspberry (red) and Waldmeister is woodruff (green).

Typical average alcohol by volume (abv) range: 2.0-5.0%

Microbiology and Fermentation Profile

(In Progress)

General Best Practices

• Don't sour mash. Its too risky for off flavors
• Limit CO2 and do not aerate before pitching
• Pitch Lactobacillus between 90°F and 110°F depending on your Lactobacillus strain or blend for ~ 1-4 days (for more details see the Wort Souring page).
• Create a 1 liter Lactobacillus starter for each 5 gallons at least 2 days in advance of brew day.
• Pitch Brettanomyces after cooling down after Lactobacillus fermentation phase

External Articles/Resources

• Perspective on Brewing Berliner Weisse Style Beer, Jess Caudill of Wyeast Labs, NHC 2012 Presentation.

Milk the Funk Berliner Weissbier Recipe

Berliner Weissbier

Description

The Milk The Funk Berliner is an 8 gallon recipe for a semi tart, fruity, wheat beer. This recipe is an 8 gallon, no boil recipe, and is made for a system with 73% efficiency. Please adjust the recipe to fit your system.

Stats

• 1.035 OG
• 1.004 FG
• 4.0 ABV
• 1 SRM
• Mash 60min @ 145°f

Fermentables

Malt	Weight	%
Floor-Malted Bohemian Wheat (DE)	3 lbs	30
Floor-Malted Bohemian Pilsner (DE)	7 lbs	70

Extract Version *	Weight	%
Briess CBW® Bavarian Wheat Dried Malt Extract (or similar)	3 lbs	50
Briess CBW® Pilsen Wheat Dried Malt Extract (or similar)	3 lbs	50

* Note about the extract version: Devin Bell has also used 70% wheat DME to 30% pilsner DME and 100% wheat DME with good results. Briess CBW® Bavarian Wheat DME is 65% wheat and 35% barley.

Hops

No hops if possible. If hops have to be used for legal reasons (for commercial breweries, for example):

Hop	Weight	Time	Use	Alpha Acids
Golding (UK)	2 oz	10 min	Mash	8 AAU

Yeast / Bacteria

Name	Laboratory	Product ID	Attenuation
Lactobacillus Blend (brevis, delbrueckii, and plantarum) *	Omega Yeast Labs	OYL-605	N/A
Brett Sacc Trois	White Labs	WLP644	87.5

* If OYL-605 is not available, substitute it with a probiotic culture such as Goodbelly Mango or Swansons Plantarum. See Culturing From Probiotics .

Steps

1. 1-2 days before brewing make a 1 liter starter of 1.040 wort, and add your vial of WLP644. Let it sit at room temperature until use. Also make 1 liter of 1.040 wort, and pour OYL-605 into the starter. Incubate 24-48 hours at room temperature to increase the cell count.
2. Mash in at 145°f for 60 minutes; if hops have to be used, then make sure to add the hops to the mash.
3. Sparge as normal.
4. Bring the wort to a boil and then turn the heat off.
5. Adjust PH ~4.2 to limit growth Clostridium butyricum and other potential off-flavor bacteria. Not necessary, but this is a best practice suggestion. See How to Pre-Acidify for instructions.
6. Chill the wort down to 95°f, and transfer to a CO2 purged carboy or keg. Add the 1 liter of OYL-605 Lactobacillus Blend starter. Allow it to sour for 24 hours. No external heating is required.
7. After the souring phase, chill the soured wort down to ~70°F and pitch WLP644 Trois (boiling to kill the Lactobacillus before adding the WLP644 Trois is optional; see kettle souring). You can aerate if you feel necessary. After 2 weeks a stable gravity should be reached.
8. Rack or transfer off as normal to bottles or a keg.

See Also

Additional Articles on MTF Wiki

• Wort Souring
• Lactobacillus
• Alternative Bacteria Sources
• Sour Mashing
• Gose

External Resources

• Berliner Weisse, a Local Style Close to Extinction, by Ron Pattinson.
• Berliner Weisse Test. Ingenuity Blog.
• Berliner Weisse - the Old-Time Kettle Souring Technique. Sour Brewster Blog by Gail Ann Williams (summary of Burghard Hagen Meyer Berliner Weisse talk at CBC 2012).
• "Old German Beer Styles," by Ron Pattinson (contains a few obscure sour styles).
• "Designing and Brewing a Berliner Weisse," by Cale Baker on Sour Beer Blog.
• MTF thread from Richard Preiss about culturing Brettanomyces from 8 vintage Berliner Weisse courtesy of Mike Marcus at Chorlton Brewing Company. Watch for updates.
• Professors Wackerbauer and Methner discussing the organisms in old bottles of Berliner Weisse, and also the acid and ester profiles. Summary: "In traditionally produced "Berliner Weißbier" the presence of the yeast species Brettanomyces bruxellensis is obligatory."