Difference between revisions of "Scientific Publications"

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A listing of peer reviewed scientific publications and non-peer reviewed scientific studies that focus on subject material that is relevant to sour brewing. Some good journals to keep an eye on for new publications about sour and funky beers include [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13737163 Cerevisia], [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%292050-0416 The Journal of the Institute of Brewing], and [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01681605 The International Journal of Food Microbiology].
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- Note: this page is no longer actively maintained. See the references at the bottom of pages such as ''[[Brettanomyces]]'' and [[Spontaneous Fermentation]] for more up to date science publications.
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A listing of peer reviewed scientific publications and non-peer reviewed scientific studies that focus on subject material that is relevant to sour brewing. Some good journals to keep an eye on for new publications about sour and funky beers include [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13737163 Cerevisia], [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%292050-0416 The Journal of the Institute of Brewing], [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01681605 The International Journal of Food Microbiology], and [http://aem.asm.org/ Applied and Environmental Microbiology].
  
 
Some of the papers are freely accessible and others require journal subscriptions for access.
 
Some of the papers are freely accessible and others require journal subscriptions for access.
  
 
==Brettanomyces==
 
==Brettanomyces==
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Much of the scientific research done to date on ''Brettanomyces'' approaches the yeast from the view point of wine production and treating the yeast as a spoilage organism. These papers can still be useful to brewers interested in using Brett while recognizing the possible preconceptions, motivations, and biases that this viewpoint might contribute. Other groups, notably those led by a couple of Belgian researchers as well as Chad Yakobson's masters work, have studied Brett from the viewpoint of a desired component in certain beer fermentations.
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Much of the scientific research done to date on ''Brettanomyces'' approaches the yeast from the viewpoint of wine production and treating the yeast as a spoilage organism. These papers can still be useful to brewers interested in using Brett while recognizing the possible preconceptions, motivations, and biases that this viewpoint might contribute. Other groups, notably those led by a couple of Belgian researchers as well as Chad Yakobson's masters work, have studied Brett from the viewpoint of a desired component in certain beer fermentations.
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{| class="wikitable sortable"
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! Title !! Authors !! Date !! Note
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| [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0958166918300922 The raise of Brettanomyces yeast species for beer production] || Marc Serra Colomer, Birgitte Funch, Jochen Forster || 2018 || Review of ''Brettanomyces'' as a positive influence on beer brewing; open access.
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| [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28160110 Brettanomyces acidodurans sp. nov., a new acetic acid producing yeast species from olive oil] ||  Péter G, Dlauchy D, Tóbiás A, Fülöp L, Podgoršek M, Čadež N.  || 2017 || Not open access.
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| [https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/2599/ Analysis of Organic Acids, Carbohydrates, and Yeast Quantity of Beers Brewed with Brettanomyces Yeast] || Brian Martyniak || 2016 || Not open access; masters thesis.
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|-
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| [http://femsyr.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/12/11/femsyr.fow105 Fermentation assays reveal differences in sugar and (off-) flavor metabolism across different Brettanomyces bruxellensis strains] || Sam Crauwels, Filip Van Opstaele, Barbara Jaskula-Goiris, Jan Steensels, Christel Verreth, Lien Bosmans, Caroline Paulussen, Beatriz Herrera-Malaver, Ronnie de Jonge, Jessika De Clippeleer, Kathleen Marchal, Gorik De Samblanx, Kris A. Willems, Kevin J. Verstrepen, Guido Aerts, Bart Lievens || 2016 || Not open access.
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|-
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| [http://www.nature.com/articles/srep34304 Comparative transcriptome assembly and genome-guided profiling for Brettanomyces bruxellensis LAMAP2480 during p-coumaric acid stress] || Liliana Godoy, Patricia Vera-Wolf, Claudio Martinez, Juan A. Ugalde & María Angélica Ganga || 2016 || Open access.
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| [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0740002016302659 Brettanomyces bruxellensis, a survivalist prepared for the wine apocalypse and other beverages] || Brendan D. Smith, Benoit Divol || 2016 || Not open access.
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| [http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0155140 Independent Evolution of Winner Traits without Whole Genome Duplication in Dekkera Yeasts] || Yi-Cheng Guo, Lin Zhang, Shao-Xing Dai, Wen-Xing Li, Jun-Juan Zheng, Gong-Hua Li, Jing-Fei Huang || 2016 || Open access.
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| [http://aem.asm.org/content/early/2016/05/23/AEM.00515-16.abstract Effects of oxygen availability on acetic acid tolerance and intracellular pH in Dekkera bruxellensis] || Claudia Capusoni, Stefania Arioli, Paolo Zambelli, Md Moktaduzzaman, Diego Mora and Concetta Compagno || 2016 || Not open access.
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| [http://www.ajevonline.org/content/66/3/379 Brettanomyces bruxellensis Aroma-Active Compounds Determined by SPME GC-MS Olfactory Analysis] || C.M. Lucy Joseph, Elizabeth A. Albino, Susan E. Ebeler, Linda F. Bisson || 2015 || Not open access
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| [http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00253-015-6769-9 Comparative phenomics and targeted use of genomics reveals variation in carbon and nitrogen assimilation among different Brettanomyces bruxellensis strains] || S. Crauwels, A. Van Assche, R. de Jonge, A. R. Borneman, C. Verreth, P. Troels, G. De Samblanx, K. Marchal, Y. Van de Peer || 2015 || Not open access.
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| [http://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/4/4/581/htm Analysis of Growth Inhibition and Metabolism of Hydroxycinnamic Acids by Brewing and Spoilage Strains of Brettanomyces Yeast] || Michael Lentz and Chad Harris || 2015 || Open access.
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| [http://www.scribd.com/doc/277758178/Insight-into-the-Dekkera-anomala-YV396-genome Insight into the Dekkera anomala YV396 genome] || Samuel Aeschlimann || 2015, Sept || Self published on Eureka Brewing Blog.
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| [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168160515001865 Brettanomyces yeasts — From spoilage organisms to valuable contributors to industrial fermentations] || Jan Steensels, Luk Daenen, Philippe Malcorps, Guy Derdelinckx, Hubert Verachtert, Kevin J. Verstrepen || 2015 || Open access.
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| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4068659/ Assessing Genetic Diversity among Brettanomyces Yeasts by DNA Fingerprinting and Whole-Genome Sequencing] || Sam Crauwels, Bo Zhu, Jan Steensels, Pieter Busschaert, Gorik De Samblanx, Kathleen Marchal, Kris A. Willems, Kevin J. Verstrepen, and Bart Lievens || 2014 || Open access.
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| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/yea.3023/pdf The wine and beer yeast Dekkera bruxellensis] || Anna Judith Schifferdecker, Sofia Dashko, Olena P. Ishchuk and Jure Piškur || 2014 || Open access.  Good summary of up to date information.
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| [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168160514003158 Rapid identification of the genus Dekkera/Brettanomyces, the Dekkera subgroup and all individual species] || M. Hulina, E. Harrisona, M. Stratfordb, A.E. Whealsa || 2014 || Not open access.
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| [http://www.brettanomycesproject.com/dissertation/ Pure Culture Fermentation Characteristic of Brettanomyces Yeast Species and Their Use in the Brewing Industry] || Yakobson || 2011 || MSc thesis. Open access.
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| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03566.x/pdf Screening and evaluation of the glucoside hydrolase activity in Saccharomyces and Brettanomyces brewing yeasts] || Daenen, Saison, Sterckx,  Delvaux, Verachtert, Derdelinckx|| 2008 || Open access.
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| [https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/60535/1/02whole.pdf Physiological, biochemical and molecular characterisation of hydroxycinnamic acid catabolism by Dekkera and Brettanomyces yeasts] || Victoria Harris|| 2010 || Open access. PhD thesis. HCA's are the precursors to phenolic compounds in beer. See phenol production in [[Brettanomyces]]
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| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1567-1364.2008.00421.x/full Evaluation of  the glycoside hydrolase activity of a Brettanomyces strain on glycosides from sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) used in the production of special fruit beers] || Daenen, Saison, Sterckx, Delvaux, Verachtert, Derdelinckx|| 2008 || Open access.
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|-
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| [http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00253-008-1708-7 Survey of enzyme activity responsible for phenolic off-flavour production by Dekkera and Brettanomyces yeast] || Harris, Ford, Jiranek, Grbin|| 2009 || Not open access.
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| [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168160509000488 Genetic diversity and physiological traits of Brettanomyces bruxellensis strains isolated from Tuscan Sangiovese wines] || Agnolucci, Vigentini, Capurso, Merico, Tirelli, Compagno, Foschino, Nuti|| 2009 || Not open access.
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| [http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00253-007-1328-7 Dekkera and Brettanomyces growth and utilisation of hydroxycinnamic acids in synthetic media] || Harris, Ford Jiranek, Grbin|| 2008 || Not open access.
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| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1567-1364.2008.00415.x/full The effect of sugar concentration and temperature on growth and volatile phenol production by Dekkera bruxellensis in wine] ||Barata, Pagliara, Piccininno, Tarantino, Ciardulli, Malfeito-Ferreira, Loureiro|| 2008 || Open access.
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|-
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| [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814607007844 Formation of 4-vinyl and 4-ethyl derivatives from hydroxycinnamic acids: Occurrence of volatile phenolic flavour compounds in beer and distribution of Pad1-activity among brewing yeasts] ||Vanbeneden, Gils, Delvaux, Delvaux|| 2008 || Not open access.
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|-
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| [http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/1595/1/Brandam_1595.pdf Effect of temperature on ''Brettanomyces bruxellensis'': metabolic and kinetic aspects] || Brandam C, Castro-Martínez, Délia ML, Ramón-Portugal F, Strehaiano P. || 2008 || Open access.
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|-
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| [http://ec.asm.org/content/6/4/721.short Genome Survey Sequencing of the Wine Spoilage Yeast ''Dekkera'' (''Brettanomyces'') ''bruxellensis''] || Woolfit, Rozpędowska, Piškur, Wolfe || 2007 || Open access
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| [https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/1979/1364/1/Doctoraat+Nele+Vanbeneden.pdf Release of hydroxycinnamic acids and formation of flavour-active volatile phenols during the beer production process ] ||Nele Vanbeneden|| 2007 || PhD Thesis. Open access.
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| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12655458 Brettanomyces bruxellensis: effect of oxygen on growth and acetic acid production.] || Aguilar Uscanga, Délia1, and Strehaiano. || 2003 ||  Open access.
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| [http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FA%3A1014927129259 Acetic acid production by Dekkera/Brettanomyces yeasts.] || S.N. Feer || 2002, April || Not open access.
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| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(199712)75:4%3C489::AID-JSFA902%3E3.0.CO;2-9/abstract Role of oxygen on acetic acid production by Brettanomyces/Dekkera in winemaking.] ||  Maurizio Ciani and Luisa Ferraro || 1999, April || Not open access
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| [https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bbb1992/58/10/58_10_1803/_article The Phylogenetic Relationships of Species of the Genus Dekkera VAN DER WALT Based on the Partial Sequences of 18S and 26S Ribosomal RNAs (Saccharomycetaceae)] || Yuzo Yamada, Minako Matsuda, Kojiro Maeda, Kozaburo Mikata || 1994 || Open access.  Shows that D. custersianus should be reclassified as a new genus. 
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|-
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| [http://aem.asm.org/content/59/8/2352.short Localization and Characterization of α-Glucosidase Activity in Brettanomyces lambicus] || Shantha Kumara, De Cort, Verachtert|| 1993 || Open access.
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| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2050-0416.1982.tb04061.x/abstract Esterase Activity in the Genus Brettanomyces] || Spaepen and Verachtert || 1982 || Brett ester production and destruction. Open access.
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| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2050-0416.1961.tb01791.x/abstract Brettanomyces. I. Occurrence, Characteristics, and Effects on Beer Flavour] || R. B. Gilliland B.A., B.Sc., F.R.I.C. || 1961 || Open access.
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|}
  
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==Other Yeast/Bacteria==
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Title !! Authors !! Date !! Note
 
! Title !! Authors !! Date !! Note
 
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|-
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| [https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bbb1992/58/10/58_10_1803/_article The Phylogenetic Relationships of Species of the Genus Dekkera VAN DER WALT Based on the Partial Sequences of 18S and 26S Ribosomal RNAs (Saccharomycetaceae)] || Yuzo Yamada, Minako Matsuda, Kojiro Maeda, Kozaburo Mikata || 2015 || Free access.  Shows that D. custersianus should be reclassified as a new genus.
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| [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00253-020-10531-0 A re-evaluation of diastatic ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'' strains and their role in brewing] || Kristoffer Krogerus and Brian Gibson || 2020 || Review paper; open access.
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|-
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| [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/yea.3380 Bioprospecting for brewers: Exploiting natural diversity for naturally diverse beers] || F.A. Cubillos, B. Gibson, N. Grijalva‐Vallejos, K. Krogerus, J. Nikulin || 2019 || Review paper; not open access, but may become open.
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|-
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| [https://www.mbaa.com/publications/tq/tqPastIssues/2018/Pages/TQ-55-4-1211-01.aspx How to Brew with Kveik] || Lars Marius Garshol and Richard Preiss || 2018 || Not open access (MBAA membership required); not peer-reviewed nor an actual scientific publication.
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|-
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| [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02137/full Traditional Norwegian Kveik Are a Genetically Distinct Group of Domesticated Saccharomyces cerevisiae Brewing Yeasts] || Richard Preiss, Caroline Tyrawa, Kristoffer Krogerus, Lars Marius Garshol, and George van der Merwe || 2018 || Open access.  A paper about the family tree of [[Kveik]].
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| [http://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/4/2/22 Two Novel Strains of Torulaspora delbrueckii Isolated from the Honey Bee Microbiome and Their Use in Honey Fermentation] || Joseph P. Barry, Mindy S. Metz, Justin Hughey, Adam Quirk, and Matthew L. Bochman || 2018 || Open access.  See also the [https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/2037872376240966/ associated MTF thread].
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|-
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| [http://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/4/1/20/html The Impact of Simple Phenolic Compounds on Beer Aroma and Flavor] || Michael Lentz || 2018 || Open access.  See also [https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/2029471700414367/associated MTF thread].
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|-
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| [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/09/27/194969 Traditional Norwegian Kveik Yeasts: Underexplored Domesticated ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'' Yeasts] || Richard Preiss, Caroline Tyrawa, George van der Merwe || 2017 || Open access.
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| [http://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(16)30984-8 Distinct Domestication Trajectories in Top-Fermenting Beer Yeasts and Wine Yeasts.] ||  Margarida Gonçalves, Ana Pontes, Pedro Almeida, Raquel Barbosa, Marta Serra, Diego Libkind, Mathias Hutzler, Paula Gonçalves, José Paulo Sampaio5,'Correspondence information about the author José Paulo Sampaio || 2016 || Open access.  See also [[Saccharomyces#History_of_Domestication|history of yeast domestication]].
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|-
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| [http://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(16)31071-6?_returnURL=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0092867416310716%3Fshowall%3Dtrue Domestication and Divergence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Beer Yeasts] || Brigida Gallone, Jan Steensels, Troels Prahl, Leah Soriaga, Veerle Saels, Beatriz Herrera-Malaver, Adriaan Merlevede, Miguel Roncoroni, Karin Voordeckers, Loren Miraglia, Clotilde Teiling, Brian Steffy, Maryann Taylor, Ariel Schwartz, Toby Richardson, Christopher White, Guy Baele, Steven Maere, Kevin J. Verstrepen || 2016 || Open access.  See also [[Saccharomyces#History_of_Domestication|history of yeast domestication]].
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|-
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| [https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/handle/11250/2390204 Characterization of genotype and beer fermentation properties of Norwegian Farmhouse Ale Yeasts] || Rasmussen, Truls C. || 2016 || Master thesis on [[Kveik]] yeast identification.
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| [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982216300641 Independent Origins of Yeast Associated with Coffee and Cacao Fermentation] || Catherine L. Ludlow, Gareth A. Cromie, Cecilia Garmendia-Torres, Amy Sirr, Michelle Hays, Colburn Field, Eric W. Jeffery, Justin C. Fay, Aimée M. Dudley || 2016 || Studied isolating wild ''S. cerevisiae'' from coffee beans.  Open access.
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|-
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| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/yea.3146/abstract Screening for new brewing yeasts in the non-Saccharomyces sector with ''Torulaspora delbrueckii'' as model] || Maximilian Michel, Jana Kopecká, Tim Meier-Dörnberg, Martin Zarnkow, Fritz Jacob and Mathias Hutzler || 2016 || Not open access.
 
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| [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168160515001865 Brettanomyces yeasts — From spoilage organisms to valuable contributors to industrial fermentations] || Jan Steenselsa, Luk Daenenc, Philippe Malcorpsc, Guy Derdelinckxd, Hubert Verachtertd, Kevin J. Verstrepen || 2015 || Free access.
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| [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0740002015002609 Torulaspora delbrueckii in the brewing process: A new approach to enhance bioflavour and to reduce ethanol content] || Laura Canonico, Alice Agarbati, Francesca Comitini, Maurizio Ciani || 2016 || Not open access.
 
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| [http://www.brettanomycesproject.com/dissertation/ Pure Culture Fermentation Characteristic of Brettanomyces Yeast Species and Their Use in the Brewing Industry] || Yakobson || 2011 || MSc thesis. Free access.
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| [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297591073_Terminal_acidic_shock_inhibits_sour_beer_bottle_conditioning_by_Saccharomyces_cerevisiae Terminal acidic shock inhibits sour beer bottle conditioning by Saccharomyces cerevisiae] || Cody M. Rogers, Devon Veatch, Adam Covey, Caleb Staton, Matthew L. Bochman || 2016 || Describes a method to "train" ''S. cerevisiae'' to be more pH tolerant. Not open access.
 
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| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03566.x/pdf Screening and evaluation of the glucoside hydrolase activity in Saccharomyces and Brettanomyces brewing yeasts] || Daenen, Saison, Sterckx, Delvaux, Verachtert, Derdelinckx|| 2008 || Free access.
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| [http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/01/13/1516453113 Social wasps are a Saccharomyces mating nest] || Irene Stefaninia, Leonardo Dapporto, Luisa Berná, Mario Polsinelli, Stefano Turillazzid, and Duccio Cavalieria || 2015 || Found that ''S. cerevisiae'' not only breeds inside the guts of wasps that eat grapes, but also breeds with other species of yeast to create hybrids that survive better in the guts of the wasps.
 
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| [https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/60535/1/02whole.pdf Physiological, biochemical and molecular characterisation of hydroxycinnamic acid catabolism by Dekkera and Brettanomyces yeasts] || Victoria Harris|| 2010 || Free access. PhD thesis. HCA's are the precursors to phenolic compounds in beer. See phenol production in [[Brettanomyces]]
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| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4444983/ Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a nomadic yeast with no niche?] || Matthew R. Goddard, and Duncan Greig || 2015 || Proposes new hypothesis that ''S. cerevisiae'' is a generalized and nomadic microbe rather than a fruit-loving microbe based on the "neutral theory of ecology".  Open access.  
 
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| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1567-1364.2008.00421.x/full Evaluation of  the glycoside hydrolase activity of a Brettanomyces strain on glycosides from sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) used in the production of special fruit beers] || Daenen, Saison, Sterckx, Delvaux, Verachtert, Derdelinckx|| 2008 || Free access.
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| [http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/18474/ Regional microbial signatures positively correlate with differential wine phenotypes: evidence for a microbial aspect to terroir] || Knight, Sarah and Klaere, Steffen and Fedrizzi, Bruno and Goddard, Matthew || 2015 || Open access.  This is the first quantitative demonstration of a microbial component of terroir.
 
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|-
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| [http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00253-008-1708-7 Survey of enzyme activity responsible for phenolic off-flavour production by Dekkera and Brettanomyces yeast] || Harris, Ford, Jiranek, Grbin|| 2009 || Not free access.
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| [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0023643815300827?np=y Alcohol-brewing properties of acid- and bile-tolerant yeasts co-cultured with lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional handmade domestic dairy products from Inner Mongolia] || Takashi Kuda Sarengaole, Hajime Takahashi, Bon Kimura || 2015 || Not open access.
 
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| [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168160509000488 Genetic diversity and physiological traits of Brettanomyces bruxellensis strains isolated from Tuscan Sangiovese wines] || Agnolucci, Vigentini, Capurso, Merico, Tirelli, Compagno, Foschino, Nuti|| 2009 || Not free access.
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| [http://www.researchgate.net/publication/260946772_Pyrosequencing_reveals_regional_differences_in_fruit-associated_fungal_communities Pyrosequencing reveals regional differences in fruit-associated fungal communities] || Michael W. Taylor, Peter Tsai, Nicole Anfang, Howard A. Ross, and Matthew R. Goddard || 2015 || Open access.  Showed that yeast diversity on wine grapes differs by region; Saccharomyces made up only 0.00005% of the total readings.
 
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| [http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00253-007-1328-7 Dekkera and Brettanomyces growth and utilisation of hydroxycinnamic acids in synthetic media] || Harris, Ford Jiranek, Grbin|| 2008 || Not free access.
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| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jib.154/full Genetic and physiological characterization of yeast isolated from ripe fruit and analysis of fermentation and brewing potential] || Michael Lentz, Travis Putzke, Rick Hessler, and Eric Luman || 2014 || Open access.
 
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| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1567-1364.2008.00415.x/full The effect of sugar concentration and temperature on growth and volatile phenol production by Dekkera bruxellensis in wine] ||Barata, Pagliara, Piccininno, Tarantino, Ciardulli, Malfeito-Ferreira, Loureiro|| 2008 || Free access.
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| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24277822 Microbial biogeography of wine grapes is conditioned by cultivar, vintage, and climate] || Bokulich NA, Thorngate JH, Richardson PM, Mills DA. || 2014 || Suggests link between microbial terroir and vineyard environmental conditions.
 
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| [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814607007844 Formation of 4-vinyl and 4-ethyl derivatives from hydroxycinnamic acids: Occurrence of volatile phenolic flavour compounds in beer and distribution of Pad1-activity among brewing yeasts] ||Vanbeneden, Gils, Delvaux, Delvaux|| 2008 || Not free access.
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| [http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0066437 Monitoring Seasonal Changes in Winery-Resident Microbiota] || Nicholas A. Bokulich, Moe Ohta, Paul M. Richardson, David A. Mills || 2013 ||  
 
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|-
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| [http://ec.asm.org/content/6/4/721.short Genome Survey Sequencing of the Wine Spoilage Yeast ''Dekkera'' (''Brettanomyces'') ''bruxellensis''] || Woolfit, Rozpędowska, Piškur, Wolfe || 2007 || Free access
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| [http://www.nature.com/ismej/journal/v6/n7/full/ismej2011195a.html Geographic delineations of yeast communities and populations associated with vines and wines in New Zealand] || Velimir Gayevskiy and Matthew R Goddard || 2012 || Study leading up to the 2015 Goddard study above focusing on regional genetic differences in ''S. cerevisae''. 
 
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| [https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/1979/1364/1/Doctoraat+Nele+Vanbeneden.pdf Release of hydroxycinnamic acids and formation of flavour-active volatile phenols during the beer production process ] ||Nele Vanbeneden|| 2007 || PhD Thesis. Free access.
+
| [http://www.researchgate.net/publication/233808658_Biotechnological_potential_of_non-Saccharomyces_yeasts_isolated_during_spontaneous_fermentations_of_Malvar_%28Vitis_vinifera_cv._L.%29 Biotechnological potential of non-Saccharomyces yeasts isolated during spontaneous fermentations of Malvar (Vitis vinifera cv. L.)] || Cordero-Bueso, Esteve Zarzoso, Cabellos, Gil-Díaz || 2012 || Open access. Records secondary metabolites produced by various wild yeasts in mono-culture fermentations of wine must.  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://aem.asm.org/content/59/8/2352.short Localization and Characterization of α-Glucosidase Activity in Brettanomyces lambicus] || Shantha Kumara, De Cort, Verachtert|| 1993 || Free access.
+
| [http://www.researchgate.net/publication/7651552_Studies_on_growth_and_metabolism_of_Oenococcus_oeni_on_sugars_and_sugar_mixtures Studies on growth and metabolism of Oenococcus oeni on sugars and sugar mixtures] || D.-S. Zhang and R.W. Lovitt || 2005 ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2050-0416.1982.tb04061.x/abstract Esterase Activity in the Genus Brettanomyces] || Spaepen and Verachtert || 1982 || Brett ester production and destruction. Free access.
+
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/yea.1249/pdf A history of research on yeasts 9: regulation of sugar metabolism] || James A. Barnett and Karl-Dieter Entian || 2005 || Covers Pasteur effect, Custers effect, glucose repression, etc.
 +
|-
 +
| [http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.0010005 Evidence for Domesticated and Wild Populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae] || Justin C Fay, Joseph A Benavides || 2005 || Open access.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2050-0416.1961.tb01791.x/abstract Brettanomyces. I. Occurrence, Characteristics, and Effects on Beer Flavour] || R. B. Gilliland B.A., B.Sc., F.R.I.C. || 1961 || Free access.
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
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! Title !! Authors !! Date !! Note
 
! Title !! Authors !! Date !! Note
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jib.49/pdf 125th Anniversary Review: Bacteria in brewing: The good, the bad and the ugly]|| Vriesekoop, Krahl, Hucker, Menz || 2012 || Free access.
+
| [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814617302911#t0020 Key volatile aroma compounds of lactic acid fermented malt based beverages – impact of lactic acid bacteria strains] || Sorelle Nsogning Dongmo, Bertram Sacher, Hubert Kollmannsberger, Thomas Becker || 2017 ||
 +
|-
 +
| [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224415300625 Lactic acid bacteria as sensory biomodulators for fermented cereal-based beverages] || Lorenzo C. Peyer, Emanuele Zannini, Elke K. Arendt || 2016 ||
 +
|-
 +
| [http://www.asbcnet.org/publications/journal/vol/2016/Pages/ASBCJ-2016-2007-01.aspx Screening the Hydroxylation of Fatty Acids with Lactic Acid Bacteria Based on the Lactonization of the Hydroxylated Products] || Yuka Suzuki, Sakiko Hatanaka, Makoto Kanauchi, Shin Kasahara, and Makoto Shimoyamada || 2016 || Not open access.
 +
|-
 +
| [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168160515301033 Metabolic strategies of beer spoilage lactic acid bacteria in beer] || Andreas J. Geissler, Jürgen Behr, Kristina von Kamp, Rudi F. Vogel || 2015 || Not open access.
 +
|-
 +
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2050-0416.2004.tb00199.x/pdf The Use and Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Malting and Brewing with Their Relationships to Antifungal Activity, Mycotoxins and Gushing: A Review] || Deirdre P. Lowe and Elke K. Arendt || 2012 || Open access.
 +
|-
 +
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jib.49/pdf 125th Anniversary Review: Bacteria in brewing: The good, the bad and the ugly]|| Vriesekoop, Krahl, Hucker, Menz || 2012 || Open access.
 +
|-
 +
| [http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maret_Du_Toit2/publication/225859608_Lactobacillus_the_Next_Generation_of_Malolactic_Fermentation_Starter_Culturesan_Overview/links/53f65a850cf22be01c41eafd.pdf?disableCoverPage=true Lactobacillus: the Next Generation of Malolactic Fermentation Starter Cultures — an Overview] || Maret du Toit & Lynn Engelbrecht & Elda Lerm & Sibylle Krieger-Weber || 2010 || Open access.  Review paper.
 +
|-
 +
| [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814609004373 Volatile compounds produced by the probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB 8826 in cereal-based substrates.] || Ivan Salmeron, Pablo Fuciños, Dimitris Charalampopoulos, Severino S. Pandiella || 2009 ||
 +
|-
 +
| [http://www.microbialcellfactories.com/content/8/1/3 Pediocins: The bacteriocins of Pediococci. Sources, production, properties and applications] || Maria Papagianni || 2009 || Open access.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://people.westminstercollege.edu/students/cds0709/RESEARCH/Fundamentals%20of%20beer%20and%20hop%20chemistry.doc Fundamentals of Beer and Hop Chemistry] || Keukeleire || August 12, 1998 || Useful information regarding how beta acids and iso-alpha acids inhibit/effect the grown of gram-positive bacteria and LAB. Free access.
+
| [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168160509000051 Broth and agar hop-gradient plates used to evaluate the beer-spoilage potential of Lactobacillus and Pediococcus isolates] || M. Haakensen, A. Schubert, B. Ziola || 2009 || Measured growth in beer of many strains and species of LAB.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168160503001533 Beer spoilage bacteria and hop resistance] || Sakamoto and Konings || 2003 || Another useful paper for antimicrobial properties of hops and bacterial resistance. Not free access.
+
| [http://people.westminstercollege.edu/students/cds0709/RESEARCH/Fundamentals%20of%20beer%20and%20hop%20chemistry.doc Fundamentals of Beer and Hop Chemistry] || Keukeleire || 1998, August 12 || Useful information regarding how beta acids and iso-alpha acids inhibit/effect the grown of gram-positive bacteria and LAB. Open access.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://aem.asm.org/content/60/9/3074.short Localization and Characterization of α-Glucosidase Activity in Lactobacillus brevis] || De Cort, Shantha Kumara, Verachtert || 1994 || Free access.
+
| [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168160503001533 Beer spoilage bacteria and hop resistance] || Sakamoto and Konings || 2003 || Another useful paper for antimicrobial properties of hops and bacterial resistance. Not open access.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC547135/ Growth Response of Lactobacillus brevis to Aeration and Organic Catalysts.] || J. R. Stamer and B. O. Stoyla. || Sep 1967 || Referenced by [http://www.milkthefunk.com/wiki/Lactobacillus#Lacto_Chart Wyeast 5223 L. brevis]. Free Access.
+
| [http://aem.asm.org/content/60/9/3074.short Localization and Characterization of α-Glucosidase Activity in Lactobacillus brevis] || De Cort, Shantha Kumara, Verachtert || 1994 || Open access.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://ijsb.sgmjournals.org/content/52/6/2003.full.pdf Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Pediococcus, including Pediococcus claussenii sp. nov., a novel lactic acid bacterium isolated from beer] || C. Melissa Dobson, Harry Deneer, Sun Lee, Sean Hemmingsen, Sarah Glaze and Barry Ziola || 2002 || Free access.
+
| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC547135/ Growth Response of Lactobacillus brevis to Aeration and Organic Catalysts.] || J. R. Stamer and B. O. Stoyla. || 1967, Sept || Referenced by [http://www.milkthefunk.com/wiki/Lactobacillus#Lacto_Chart Wyeast 5223 L. brevis]. Open Access.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1214648/ Isolation of a Hop-Sensitive Variant of Lactobacillus lindneri and Identification of Genetic Markers for Beer Spoilage Ability of Lactic Acid Bacteria] || Koji Suzuki, Kazumaru Iijima, Kazutaka Ozaki, and Hiroshi Yamashita || 2005 || Free access.
+
| [http://ijsb.sgmjournals.org/content/52/6/2003.full.pdf Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Pediococcus, including Pediococcus claussenii sp. nov., a novel lactic acid bacterium isolated from beer] || C. Melissa Dobson, Harry Deneer, Sun Lee, Sean Hemmingsen, Sarah Glaze and Barry Ziola || 2002 || Open access.
 +
|-
 +
| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1214648/ Isolation of a Hop-Sensitive Variant of Lactobacillus lindneri and Identification of Genetic Markers for Beer Spoilage Ability of Lactic Acid Bacteria] || Koji Suzuki, Kazumaru Iijima, Kazutaka Ozaki, and Hiroshi Yamashita || 2005 || Open access.
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
==Lambic and Spontaneous Fermentation==
+
==Lambic, Spontaneous Fermentation, and other Mixed Fermentation beers==
  
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
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! Title !! Authors !! Date !! Note
 
! Title !! Authors !! Date !! Note
 
|-
 
|-
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| [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S074000201500012X The microbial diversity of an industrially produced lambic beer shares members of a traditionally produced one and reveals a core microbiota for lambic beer fermentation] || Spitaels, Wieme, Janssens, Aerts, Van Landschoot, De Vuyst, Vandamme || August 2015 || Not free access
+
| [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341353855_The_power_of_sour_-_A_review_Old_traditions_new_opportunities The power of sour – A review: Old traditions, new opportunities.] || S. Bossaert, S. Crauwels, G. De Rouck and B. Lievens || 2019 || Open Access
 +
|-
 +
| [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6252343/ Wort Substrate Consumption and Metabolite Production During Lambic Beer Fermentation and Maturation Explain the Successive Growth of Specific Bacterial and Yeast Species] || Jonas De Roos, Peter Vandamme, and Luc De Vuyst || 2018 || Open access
 +
|-
 +
| [https://aem.asm.org/content/85/1/e02226-18 The Interior Surfaces of Wooden Barrels Are an Additional Microbial Inoculation Source for Lambic Beer Production] || J. De Roos, D. Van der Veken, L. De Vuyst || 2018 || Not open access
 +
|-
 +
| [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30246252?dopt=Abstract Microbial acidification, alcoholization, and aroma production during spontaneous lambic beer production] || Jonas De Roos and Luc De Vuyst || 2018 || Review paper; not open access.
 +
|-
 +
| [http://www.mdpi.com/2306-5710/3/4/51 Acid and Volatiles of Commercially-Available Lambic Beers] || Katherine Thompson Witrick, Susan E. Duncan, Ken E. Hurley, and Sean F. O’Keefe || 2017 || Open access.  Many errors regarding the brewing process and other aspects of lambic that are not the focus of the paper, however the analytical data is useful.  See [https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1863074047054134/ this MTF thread].
 +
|-
 +
| [http://www.asbcnet.org/publications/journal/vol/2017/Pages/ASBCJ-2017-3861-01.aspx Sour Brewing: Impact of Lactobacillus amylovorus FST2.11 on Technological and Quality Attributes of Acid Beers] || Lorenzo C. Peyer, Martin Zarnkow, Fritz Jacob, David P. Schutter, Elke K. Arendt || 2017 || Not open access (see citations on MTF wiki [https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1794446487250224/ and summary on MTF]).
 +
|-
 +
| [https://lookaside.fbsbx.com/file/Final%20work%202%20-%20Thomas%20H%C3%BCbbe.pdf?token=AWyH17JH23uJ-wby5L7bZBZ-_G9EbxFbtNZhoHdq9nFQXDyOlNW66kYos4cpt_oOzIGzmllGYexkcE6o3bESICERaG8rSM4SruxzJVAaDb7UaoeAfVvLY_7uNezyeiynjnVG1T1zYyf-Zl4f2E6NwyOIX0y9hlh78XXVWFGHZySDEA Effect of mixed cultures on microbiological development in Berliner Weisse (master thesis)] ||  Thomas Hübbe ||  2016 || Available on MTF
 +
|-
 +
| [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S074000201500012X The microbial diversity of an industrially produced lambic beer shares members of a traditionally produced one and reveals a core microbiota for lambic beer fermentation] || Spitaels, Wieme, Janssens, Aerts, Van Landschoot, De Vuyst, Vandamme || 2015, August || Not open access
 +
|-
 +
| [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0740002014002548 Microbiota and metabolites of aged bottled gueuze beers converge to the same composition] || Spitaels, Van Kerrebroeck, Wieme, Snauwaert, Aerts, Van Landschoot, De Vuyst, Vandamme || 2015, May || Not open access
 +
|-
 +
| [http://weitzlab.seas.harvard.edu/files/weitzlab/files/2014_cell_jarosz.pdf Cross-Kingdom Chemical Communication Drives a Heritable, Mutually Beneficial Prion-Based Transformation of Metabolism] || Daniel F. Jarosz, Jessica C.S. Brown, Gordon A. Walker, Manoshi S. Datta, W. Lloyd Ung, Alex K. Lancaster, Assaf Rotem, Amelia Chang, Gregory A. Newby,David A. Weitz, Linda F. Bisson, and Susan Lindquist. || 2014, August || Open access.  See [[Pediococcus#Mixed_Culture_Influence|Pediococcus]].
 +
|-
 +
| [http://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(14)00974-X An Evolutionarily Conserved Prion-like Element Converts Wild Fungi from Metabolic Specialists to Generalists] || Daniel F. Jarosz, Alex K. Lancaster, Jessica C.S. Brown, Susan Lindquist. || 2014, 28 August || Not open access.  See [[Pediococcus#Mixed_Culture_Influence|Pediococcus]].
 +
|-
 +
| [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0095384 The Microbial Diversity of Traditional Spontaneously Fermented Lambic Beer] || Spitaels, Wieme, Janssens, Aerts, Daniel, Van Landschoot, De Vuyst, Vandamme || 2014, April 18 || Open access
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0740002014002548 Microbiota and metabolites of aged bottled gueuze beers converge to the same composition] || Spitaels, Van Kerrebroeck, Wieme, Snauwaert, Aerts, Van Landschoot, De Vuyst, Vandamme || May 2015 || Not free access
+
| [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1373716314000031 BELGIAN ACIDIC BEERS Daily Reminiscences of the Past] || Verachtert and Denderlinckx || 2014 || Not open access.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0095384 The Microbial Diversity of Traditional Spontaneously Fermented Lambic Beer] || Spitaels, Wieme, Janssens, Aerts, Daniel, Van Landschoot, De Vuyst, Vandamme || April 18, 2014 || Free access
+
| [http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-micro-091213-113025 Taming Wild Yeast: Potential of Conventional and Nonconventional Yeasts in Industrial Fermentations] || Steensels and Verstrepen|| 2014 || Not open access
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1373716314000031 BELGIAN ACIDIC BEERS Daily Reminiscences of the Past] || Verachtert and Denderlinckx || 2014 || Not free access.
+
| [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0035507 Brewhouse-Resident Microbiota Are Responsible for Multi-Stage Fermentation of American Coolship Ale] || Bokulich, Bamforth, Mills || 2012, April 18 || Open access.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-micro-091213-113025 Taming Wild Yeast: Potential of Conventional and Nonconventional Yeasts in Industrial Fermentations] || Steensels and Verstrepen|| 2014 || Not free access
+
| [https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstream/handle/10919/19203/Witrick_KA_D_2012.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Characterization of aroma and flavor compounds present in lambic (gueuze) beer] || Katherine Witrick || 2012 || PhD Thesis. Open access.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0035507 Brewhouse-Resident Microbiota Are Responsible for Multi-Stage Fermentation of American Coolship Ale] || Bokulich, Bamforth, Mills || April 18, 2012 || Free access.
+
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jib.34/full Occurrence of sotolon, abhexon and theaspirane-derived molecules in Gueuze beers. Chemical similarities with ‘yellow wines’]|| Scholtes, Nizet, Colin || 2012 || Open access.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstream/handle/10919/19203/Witrick_KA_D_2012.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Characterization of aroma and flavor compounds present in lambic (gueuze) beer] || Katherine Witrick || 2012 || PhD Thesis. Free access.
+
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2050-0416.2002.tb00578.x/abstract Fermentation Studies on the Traditional Russian Drink “Sourish Shchi”] || Dankovtsev, Vostrikov, Markina || 2002 || Open access.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jib.34/full Occurrence of sotolon, abhexon and theaspirane-derived molecules in Gueuze beers. Chemical similarities with ‘yellow wines’]|| Scholtes, Nizet, Colin || 2012 || Free access.
+
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2050-0416.1997.tb00939.x/abstract Microbiological Aspects of a Mixed Yeast—Bacterial Fermentation in the Production of a Special Belgian Acidic Ale] || Martens, Iserentant, Verachtert  || 1997 || Open access.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2050-0416.2002.tb00578.x/abstract Fermentation Studies on the Traditional Russian Drink “Sourish Shchi”] || Dankovtsev, Vostrikov, Markina || 2002 || Free access.
+
| [http://www.lambic.info/images/b/b5/Verachtertetal1995PropertiesofBelgianAcidBeersandTheirMicroflora.pdf Properties of Belgian acid beers and their microflora. Part I. The production of gueuze and related refreshing acid beers] || Verachtert H, Iserentant D || 1995 ||  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2050-0416.1997.tb00939.x/abstract Microbiological Aspects of a Mixed Yeast—Bacterial Fermentation in the Production of a Special Belgian Acidic Ale] || Martens, Iserentant, Verachtert || 1997 || Free access.
+
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2050-0416.1992.tb01126.x/abstract Synthesis of Aroma Compounds By Wort Enterobacteria During the First Stage of Lambic Fermentation] || Martens, Dawoud, Verachtert || 1992 || Open access.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2050-0416.1992.tb01126.x/abstract Synthesis of Aroma Compounds By Wort Enterobacteria During the First Stage of Lambic Fermentation] || Martens, Dawoud, Verachtert || 1992 || Free access.
+
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2050-0416.1991.tb01082.x/abstract Wort Enterobacteria and Other Microbial Populations Involved During the First Month of Lambic Fermentation] || Martens, Dawoud, Verachtert || 1991 || Open access.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2050-0416.1991.tb01082.x/abstract Wort Enterobacteria and Other Microbial Populations Involved During the First Month of Lambic Fermentation] || Martens, Dawoud, Verachtert || 1991 || Free access.
+
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2050-0416.1991.tb01064.x/abstract Identification of Lambic Superattenuating Micro-Organisms By the Use of Selective Antibiotics] || Shantha Kumara and Verachtert || 1991 || Open access.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2050-0416.1991.tb01064.x/abstract Identification of Lambic Superattenuating Micro-Organisms By the Use of Selective Antibiotics] || Shantha Kumara and Verachtert || 1991 || Free access.
+
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2050-0416.1978.tb03888.x/abstract Fatty Acids and Esters Produced During the Spontaneous Fermentation of Lambic and Gueuze] || Spaepen, Van Oevelen, Verachtert || 1978 || Open access.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2050-0416.1978.tb03888.x/abstract Fatty Acids and Esters Produced During the Spontaneous Fermentation of Lambic and Gueuze] || Spaepen, Van Oevelen, Verachtert || 1978 || Free access.
+
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2050-0416.1977.tb03825.x/abstract Microbiological Aspects of Spontaneous Wort Fermentation in the Production of Lambic and Gueuze] || Van Oevelen, Spaepen, Timmermans, Verachtert || 1977 || The source of the data used to create the Apte chart of which microbes are active at a given time in Lambic Fermentation as presented in his 2004 slideshow and in Wild Brews. Open access.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2050-0416.1977.tb03825.x/abstract Microbiological Aspects of Spontaneous Wort Fermentation in the Production of Lambic and Gueuze] || Van Oevelen, Spaepen, Timmermans, Verachtert || 1977 || The source of the data used to create the Apte chart of which microbes are active at a given time in Lambic Fermentation as presented in his 2004 slideshow and in Wild Brews. Free access.
+
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2050-0416.1975.tb06953.x/abstract Synthesis of Aroma Components During the Spontaneous Fermentation of Lambic and Gueuze] || Van Oevelen, De L'Escaille Verachtert || 1976 || Open  access.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2050-0416.1975.tb06953.x/abstract Synthesis of Aroma Components During the Spontaneous Fermentation of Lambic and Gueuze] || Van Oevelen, De L'Escaille Verachtert || 1976 || Free access.
+
| [http://elifesciences.org/content/4/e04634 Mapping microbial ecosystems and spoilage-gene flow in breweries highlights patterns of contamination and resistance] || Nicholas A Bokulich, Jordyn Bergsveinson, Barry Ziola, David A Mills || 2015, March 9 || Open access; measures LAB and yeast populations throughout a brewery with a coolship, controlled sour beer production, and traditional ''clean'' beer production.  Also contains info about hop resistance levels of different LAB species.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://elifesciences.org/content/4/e04634 Mapping microbial ecosystems and spoilage-gene flow in breweries highlights patterns of contamination and resistance] || Nicholas A Bokulich, Jordyn Bergsveinson, Barry Ziola, David A Mills || March 9, 2015 || Free access; measures LAB and yeast populations throughout a brewery with a coolship, controlled sour beer production, and traditional ''clean'' beer production.  Also contains info about hop resistance levels of different LAB species.
+
| [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168160515301896 Microbial diversity and metabolite composition of Belgian red-brown acidic ales] || Snauwaert, Roels, Van Nieuwerberg, Van Landschoot, De Vuyst, Vandamme || 2016, March || Not open access
 
|}
 
|}
  
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! Title !! Authors !! Date !! Note
 
! Title !! Authors !! Date !! Note
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/jf5052943 Analysis of Beers from an 1840s’ Shipwreck] || John Londesborough, Michael Dresel, Brian Gibson, Riikka Juvonen, Ulla Holopainen, Atte Mikkelson, Tuulikki Seppänen-Laakso, Kaarina Viljanen, Hannele Virtanen, Arvi Wilpola, Thomas Hofmann, and Annika Wilhelmson || Feb 2015 || Chemical analysis of historical beers found to have bacteria in them.  [http://www.vtt.fi/files/news/2012/Hylkyolut_Maarianhamina_10052012_Wilhelmson.pdf Press conference that says 4 live species of Lactobacillus were found.]  Free access.
+
| [http://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(16)31071-6 Domestication and Divergence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Beer Yeasts] || Brigida Gallone1, Jan Steensels1, Troels Prahl, Leah Soriaga, Veerle Saels, Beatriz Herrera-Malaver, Adriaan Merlevede, Miguel Roncoroni, Karin Voordeckers, Loren Miraglia, Clotilde Teiling, Brian Steffy, Maryann Taylor, Ariel Schwartz, Toby Richardson, Christopher White, Guy Baele, Steven Maere, Kevin J. Verstrepen. || 2016-09 || Open Access.  See also [http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/news/a22761/here-it-is-the-family-tree-of-beer/ Popular Mechanics overview].
 +
|-
 +
| [http://barclayperkins.blogspot.nl/2015/05/brettanomyces-hero-or-villain.html Brettanomyces – hero or villain?] || Ron Pattenson, ''Shut Up About Barclay Perkins'' || 2015-05 || Ron's analysis of a study on Brettanomyces beers in the Journal of the Institute of Brewing, Volume 67, Issue 3, May-June 1961. 
 +
|-
 +
| [http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/jf5052943 Analysis of Beers from an 1840s’ Shipwreck] || John Londesborough, Michael Dresel, Brian Gibson, Riikka Juvonen, Ulla Holopainen, Atte Mikkelson, Tuulikki Seppänen-Laakso, Kaarina Viljanen, Hannele Virtanen, Arvi Wilpola, Thomas Hofmann, and Annika Wilhelmson || 2015-02 || Chemical analysis of historical beers found to have bacteria in them.  [http://www.vtt.fi/files/news/2012/Hylkyolut_Maarianhamina_10052012_Wilhelmson.pdf Press conference that says 4 live species of Lactobacillus were found.]  Open access.
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
==Misc Topics==
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 +
|-
 +
! Title !! Authors !! Date !! Note
 +
|-
 +
| [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/23526181?sdc=1 Journal of Ethnic Foods] || NA || NA || Open access.
 +
|-
 +
| [http://mmbr.asm.org/content/77/2/157.full The Microbiology of Malting and Brewing] || Nicholas A. Bokulicha and Charles W. Bamforth || 2013, June || Open access. 
 +
|-
 +
| [https://www.uclouvain.be/cps/ucl/doc/inbr/documents/presentation-luk-daenen.pdf Use of beta-glucosidase activity for flavour enhancement in specialty beers] || Luk Daenen || 2012 (presentation) || Open access. 
 +
|-
 +
| [http://fbns.ncsu.edu/USDAARS/Acrobatpubs/P351-375/p359.pdf Effects of pH Adjustment and Sodium Ions on Sour Taste Intensity of Organic Acids] || E.R.D. Neta, S.D. Johanningsmeier, M.A.Drake || 2009 || Open access.
 +
|-
 +
| [https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/1979/1364/1/Doctoraat+Nele+Vanbeneden.pdf Release of hydroxycinnamic acids and formation of flavour-active volatile phenols during the beer production process] || Nele Vanbeneden || 2007 || PhD thesis.  Open access.  Study on 4VG/4VP, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, etc.  English sections available.
 +
|-
 +
| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14759156 Ferulic acid release and 4-vinylguaiacol formation during brewing and fermentation: indications for feruloyl esterase activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.] || Coghe S, Benoot K, Delvaux F, Vanderhaegen B, Delvaux FR. || 2004 || Not open access.  Studied production of ferulic acid and 4VG production in barley and wheat based beers, fermented with S. cerevisiae.
 
|-
 
|-
 +
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2050-0416.1986.tb04405.x/epdf Organic Acids and Glycerol in Beer.] || Klopper, Angelino, Tuning, and Vermeire || 1986 ||
 +
|-
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| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2050-0416.1966.tb02950.x/epdf Changes in resin Composition and Brewing Behaviour of Hops During Storage.] || A. L. Whitear || 1965 ||
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
==Other resources==
 
==Other resources==
−
These studies, presentations, or discussions aren't peer reviewed but they do contain useful info for brewing sour and funky beers.
+
These studies, presentations, or discussions aren't peer reviewed but they do contain useful info for brewing sour and funky beers. Also a list of database resources. 
  
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
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! Title !! Authors !! Date !! Note
 
! Title !! Authors !! Date !! Note
 
|-
 
|-
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| [http://www.mocon.com/pdf/optech/Closures%20-%20Oxygen%20Passage%20Study.pdf Measurement of Oxygen Transfer Rates for Carboy Closures and Air Locks] || Gibbs || November 10, 2011 || Study performed by Better Bottle. Free access.
+
| [http://www.ncyc.co.uk/ National Collect of Yeast Cultures] || || || Yeast bank.
 +
|-
 +
| [https://www.atcc.org ATCC] || || || Yeast bank.
 +
|-
 +
| [http://www.straininfo.net/ Straininfo] || || || Database of strains.
 +
|-
 +
| [http://www.mycobank.org/quicksearch.aspx Mycobank] || || || Database of classified species.
 +
|-
 +
| [http://www.better-bottle.com/pdf/ClosuresOxygenPassageStudy.pdf Measurement of Oxygen Transfer Rates for Carboy Closures and Air Locks] || Gibbs || 2011, November 10 || Study performed by Better Bottle. Open access.
 +
|-
 +
| [http://web.archive.org/web/20100410025103/http://www2.parc.com/emdl/members/apte/flemishredale.shtml How to Make Sour Ale: an inquiry] || Apte || 2004 || contains Apte's charts for oxygen permeability and other notable references. Open access.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://web.archive.org/web/20100410025103/http://www2.parc.com/emdl/members/apte/flemishredale.shtml How to Make Sour Ale: an inquiry] || Apte || 2004 || contains Apte's charts for oxygen permeability and other notable references. Free access.
+
| [http://www2.parc.com/emdl/members/apte/slides_nchf.pdf Pickled beer: Concepts of Sour Ale] || Raj Apte || 2004 || A presentation about sour beer. Open access.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://www2.parc.com/emdl/members/apte/slides_nchf.pdf Pickled beer: Concepts of Sour Ale] || Raj Apte || 2004 || A presentation about sour beer. Free access.
+
| [http://www2.parc.com/emdl/members/apte/GingerBeer.pdf Lactic Acid Beverages: sour beer, (milk), & soda] ||Raj Apte || || A presentation about sour beer and other lactic fermentations.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://www.babblebelt.com/newboard/brew_resource/Horse_of_a_Different_Color.pdf Horse of a Different Color] || Nate Sampson, Michael Tonsmeire, Steve Gale, Tomme Arthur, Al Buck, Cisco ?, Sean Paxton||  || Round table tasting and discussion of brett primary beers. The author of the transcript is not listed. Free access.
+
| [http://www.babblebelt.com/newboard/brew_resource/Horse_of_a_Different_Color.pdf Horse of a Different Color] || Nate Sampson, Michael Tonsmeire, Steve Gale, Tomme Arthur, Al Buck, Cisco ?, Sean Paxton||  || Round table tasting and discussion of brett primary beers. The author of the transcript is not listed. Open access.
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [https://docs.google.com/file/d/0ByD4UvhgGATlcGJubDJVZDZ5cEU/edit Methods of Creating and Maintaining 'Wild' House Cultures] || Kyle Kohlmorgan || 2013 || Presentation at NHC 2013. [https://docs.google.com/file/d/0ByD4UvhgGATleUNIVTlFTzZMUFk/edit Notes available here]. Audio available from the [http://www.homebrewersassociation.org/how-to-brew/resources/conference-seminars/ AHA website past presentations section] (must be an AHA member for access).
 
| [https://docs.google.com/file/d/0ByD4UvhgGATlcGJubDJVZDZ5cEU/edit Methods of Creating and Maintaining 'Wild' House Cultures] || Kyle Kohlmorgan || 2013 || Presentation at NHC 2013. [https://docs.google.com/file/d/0ByD4UvhgGATleUNIVTlFTzZMUFk/edit Notes available here]. Audio available from the [http://www.homebrewersassociation.org/how-to-brew/resources/conference-seminars/ AHA website past presentations section] (must be an AHA member for access).
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/FACULTY/jahren/GG711jahren/readings/DeKeers1996.pdf The Mystery of Lambic Beer] || Jacques De Keersmaecker || 1996 || Article in Scientific American. Free access.
+
| [http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/FACULTY/jahren/GG711jahren/readings/DeKeers1996.pdf The Mystery of Lambic Beer] || Jacques De Keersmaecker || 1996 || Article in Scientific American. Open access.
 
|-
 
|-
 +
| [https://books.google.com/books/about/Microbiology_and_Biochemistry_of_Lambic.html?id=b_RDNAEACAAJ Microbiology and Biochemistry of Lambic Beer Overattenuation] || H. M. Chandana Shantha Kumara || 1990 || Dissertation; not open access.  See also [http://www.horscategoriebrewing.com/2017/07/lambic-attenuation-and-carbohydrate.html Hors Categorie blog]. 
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
==See Also==
 +
===Additional Articles on MTF Wiki===
 +
* [[Videos]]
 +
* [[Books]]
 +
* [[Podcasts]]
 +
* [[Blogs]]
 +
* [[HomebrewCon Seminars]]
 +
 +
===External Resources===
  
 
==References==
 
==References==

Latest revision as of 18:50, 19 April 2021

- Note: this page is no longer actively maintained. See the references at the bottom of pages such as Brettanomyces and Spontaneous Fermentation for more up to date science publications.

A listing of peer reviewed scientific publications and non-peer reviewed scientific studies that focus on subject material that is relevant to sour brewing. Some good journals to keep an eye on for new publications about sour and funky beers include Cerevisia, The Journal of the Institute of Brewing, The International Journal of Food Microbiology, and Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

Some of the papers are freely accessible and others require journal subscriptions for access.

Brettanomyces

Much of the scientific research done to date on Brettanomyces approaches the yeast from the viewpoint of wine production and treating the yeast as a spoilage organism. These papers can still be useful to brewers interested in using Brett while recognizing the possible preconceptions, motivations, and biases that this viewpoint might contribute. Other groups, notably those led by a couple of Belgian researchers as well as Chad Yakobson's masters work, have studied Brett from the viewpoint of a desired component in certain beer fermentations.

Title Authors Date Note
The raise of Brettanomyces yeast species for beer production Marc Serra Colomer, Birgitte Funch, Jochen Forster 2018 Review of Brettanomyces as a positive influence on beer brewing; open access.
Brettanomyces acidodurans sp. nov., a new acetic acid producing yeast species from olive oil Péter G, Dlauchy D, Tóbiás A, Fülöp L, Podgoršek M, Čadež N. 2017 Not open access.
Analysis of Organic Acids, Carbohydrates, and Yeast Quantity of Beers Brewed with Brettanomyces Yeast Brian Martyniak 2016 Not open access; masters thesis.
Fermentation assays reveal differences in sugar and (off-) flavor metabolism across different Brettanomyces bruxellensis strains Sam Crauwels, Filip Van Opstaele, Barbara Jaskula-Goiris, Jan Steensels, Christel Verreth, Lien Bosmans, Caroline Paulussen, Beatriz Herrera-Malaver, Ronnie de Jonge, Jessika De Clippeleer, Kathleen Marchal, Gorik De Samblanx, Kris A. Willems, Kevin J. Verstrepen, Guido Aerts, Bart Lievens 2016 Not open access.
Comparative transcriptome assembly and genome-guided profiling for Brettanomyces bruxellensis LAMAP2480 during p-coumaric acid stress Liliana Godoy, Patricia Vera-Wolf, Claudio Martinez, Juan A. Ugalde & María Angélica Ganga 2016 Open access.
Brettanomyces bruxellensis, a survivalist prepared for the wine apocalypse and other beverages Brendan D. Smith, Benoit Divol 2016 Not open access.
Independent Evolution of Winner Traits without Whole Genome Duplication in Dekkera Yeasts Yi-Cheng Guo, Lin Zhang, Shao-Xing Dai, Wen-Xing Li, Jun-Juan Zheng, Gong-Hua Li, Jing-Fei Huang 2016 Open access.
Effects of oxygen availability on acetic acid tolerance and intracellular pH in Dekkera bruxellensis Claudia Capusoni, Stefania Arioli, Paolo Zambelli, Md Moktaduzzaman, Diego Mora and Concetta Compagno 2016 Not open access.
Brettanomyces bruxellensis Aroma-Active Compounds Determined by SPME GC-MS Olfactory Analysis C.M. Lucy Joseph, Elizabeth A. Albino, Susan E. Ebeler, Linda F. Bisson 2015 Not open access
Comparative phenomics and targeted use of genomics reveals variation in carbon and nitrogen assimilation among different Brettanomyces bruxellensis strains S. Crauwels, A. Van Assche, R. de Jonge, A. R. Borneman, C. Verreth, P. Troels, G. De Samblanx, K. Marchal, Y. Van de Peer 2015 Not open access.
Analysis of Growth Inhibition and Metabolism of Hydroxycinnamic Acids by Brewing and Spoilage Strains of Brettanomyces Yeast Michael Lentz and Chad Harris 2015 Open access.
Insight into the Dekkera anomala YV396 genome Samuel Aeschlimann 2015, Sept Self published on Eureka Brewing Blog.
Brettanomyces yeasts — From spoilage organisms to valuable contributors to industrial fermentations Jan Steensels, Luk Daenen, Philippe Malcorps, Guy Derdelinckx, Hubert Verachtert, Kevin J. Verstrepen 2015 Open access.
Assessing Genetic Diversity among Brettanomyces Yeasts by DNA Fingerprinting and Whole-Genome Sequencing Sam Crauwels, Bo Zhu, Jan Steensels, Pieter Busschaert, Gorik De Samblanx, Kathleen Marchal, Kris A. Willems, Kevin J. Verstrepen, and Bart Lievens 2014 Open access.
The wine and beer yeast Dekkera bruxellensis Anna Judith Schifferdecker, Sofia Dashko, Olena P. Ishchuk and Jure Piškur 2014 Open access. Good summary of up to date information.
Rapid identification of the genus Dekkera/Brettanomyces, the Dekkera subgroup and all individual species M. Hulina, E. Harrisona, M. Stratfordb, A.E. Whealsa 2014 Not open access.
Pure Culture Fermentation Characteristic of Brettanomyces Yeast Species and Their Use in the Brewing Industry Yakobson 2011 MSc thesis. Open access.
Screening and evaluation of the glucoside hydrolase activity in Saccharomyces and Brettanomyces brewing yeasts Daenen, Saison, Sterckx, Delvaux, Verachtert, Derdelinckx 2008 Open access.
Physiological, biochemical and molecular characterisation of hydroxycinnamic acid catabolism by Dekkera and Brettanomyces yeasts Victoria Harris 2010 Open access. PhD thesis. HCA's are the precursors to phenolic compounds in beer. See phenol production in Brettanomyces
Evaluation of the glycoside hydrolase activity of a Brettanomyces strain on glycosides from sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) used in the production of special fruit beers Daenen, Saison, Sterckx, Delvaux, Verachtert, Derdelinckx 2008 Open access.
Survey of enzyme activity responsible for phenolic off-flavour production by Dekkera and Brettanomyces yeast Harris, Ford, Jiranek, Grbin 2009 Not open access.
Genetic diversity and physiological traits of Brettanomyces bruxellensis strains isolated from Tuscan Sangiovese wines Agnolucci, Vigentini, Capurso, Merico, Tirelli, Compagno, Foschino, Nuti 2009 Not open access.
Dekkera and Brettanomyces growth and utilisation of hydroxycinnamic acids in synthetic media Harris, Ford Jiranek, Grbin 2008 Not open access.
The effect of sugar concentration and temperature on growth and volatile phenol production by Dekkera bruxellensis in wine Barata, Pagliara, Piccininno, Tarantino, Ciardulli, Malfeito-Ferreira, Loureiro 2008 Open access.
Formation of 4-vinyl and 4-ethyl derivatives from hydroxycinnamic acids: Occurrence of volatile phenolic flavour compounds in beer and distribution of Pad1-activity among brewing yeasts Vanbeneden, Gils, Delvaux, Delvaux 2008 Not open access.
Effect of temperature on Brettanomyces bruxellensis: metabolic and kinetic aspects Brandam C, Castro-Martínez, Délia ML, Ramón-Portugal F, Strehaiano P. 2008 Open access.
Genome Survey Sequencing of the Wine Spoilage Yeast Dekkera (Brettanomyces) bruxellensis Woolfit, Rozpędowska, Piškur, Wolfe 2007 Open access
Release of hydroxycinnamic acids and formation of flavour-active volatile phenols during the beer production process Nele Vanbeneden 2007 PhD Thesis. Open access.
Brettanomyces bruxellensis: effect of oxygen on growth and acetic acid production. Aguilar Uscanga, Délia1, and Strehaiano. 2003 Open access.
Acetic acid production by Dekkera/Brettanomyces yeasts. S.N. Feer 2002, April Not open access.
Role of oxygen on acetic acid production by Brettanomyces/Dekkera in winemaking. Maurizio Ciani and Luisa Ferraro 1999, April Not open access
The Phylogenetic Relationships of Species of the Genus Dekkera VAN DER WALT Based on the Partial Sequences of 18S and 26S Ribosomal RNAs (Saccharomycetaceae) Yuzo Yamada, Minako Matsuda, Kojiro Maeda, Kozaburo Mikata 1994 Open access. Shows that D. custersianus should be reclassified as a new genus.
Localization and Characterization of α-Glucosidase Activity in Brettanomyces lambicus Shantha Kumara, De Cort, Verachtert 1993 Open access.
Esterase Activity in the Genus Brettanomyces Spaepen and Verachtert 1982 Brett ester production and destruction. Open access.
Brettanomyces. I. Occurrence, Characteristics, and Effects on Beer Flavour R. B. Gilliland B.A., B.Sc., F.R.I.C. 1961 Open access.

Other Yeast/Bacteria

Title Authors Date Note
A re-evaluation of diastatic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and their role in brewing Kristoffer Krogerus and Brian Gibson 2020 Review paper; open access.
Bioprospecting for brewers: Exploiting natural diversity for naturally diverse beers F.A. Cubillos, B. Gibson, N. Grijalva‐Vallejos, K. Krogerus, J. Nikulin 2019 Review paper; not open access, but may become open.
How to Brew with Kveik Lars Marius Garshol and Richard Preiss 2018 Not open access (MBAA membership required); not peer-reviewed nor an actual scientific publication.
Traditional Norwegian Kveik Are a Genetically Distinct Group of Domesticated Saccharomyces cerevisiae Brewing Yeasts Richard Preiss, Caroline Tyrawa, Kristoffer Krogerus, Lars Marius Garshol, and George van der Merwe 2018 Open access. A paper about the family tree of Kveik.
Two Novel Strains of Torulaspora delbrueckii Isolated from the Honey Bee Microbiome and Their Use in Honey Fermentation Joseph P. Barry, Mindy S. Metz, Justin Hughey, Adam Quirk, and Matthew L. Bochman 2018 Open access. See also the associated MTF thread.
The Impact of Simple Phenolic Compounds on Beer Aroma and Flavor Michael Lentz 2018 Open access. See also MTF thread.
Traditional Norwegian Kveik Yeasts: Underexplored Domesticated Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeasts Richard Preiss, Caroline Tyrawa, George van der Merwe 2017 Open access.
Distinct Domestication Trajectories in Top-Fermenting Beer Yeasts and Wine Yeasts. Margarida Gonçalves, Ana Pontes, Pedro Almeida, Raquel Barbosa, Marta Serra, Diego Libkind, Mathias Hutzler, Paula Gonçalves, José Paulo Sampaio5,'Correspondence information about the author José Paulo Sampaio 2016 Open access. See also history of yeast domestication.
Domestication and Divergence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Beer Yeasts Brigida Gallone, Jan Steensels, Troels Prahl, Leah Soriaga, Veerle Saels, Beatriz Herrera-Malaver, Adriaan Merlevede, Miguel Roncoroni, Karin Voordeckers, Loren Miraglia, Clotilde Teiling, Brian Steffy, Maryann Taylor, Ariel Schwartz, Toby Richardson, Christopher White, Guy Baele, Steven Maere, Kevin J. Verstrepen 2016 Open access. See also history of yeast domestication.
Characterization of genotype and beer fermentation properties of Norwegian Farmhouse Ale Yeasts Rasmussen, Truls C. 2016 Master thesis on Kveik yeast identification.
Independent Origins of Yeast Associated with Coffee and Cacao Fermentation Catherine L. Ludlow, Gareth A. Cromie, Cecilia Garmendia-Torres, Amy Sirr, Michelle Hays, Colburn Field, Eric W. Jeffery, Justin C. Fay, Aimée M. Dudley 2016 Studied isolating wild S. cerevisiae from coffee beans. Open access.
Screening for new brewing yeasts in the non-Saccharomyces sector with Torulaspora delbrueckii as model Maximilian Michel, Jana Kopecká, Tim Meier-Dörnberg, Martin Zarnkow, Fritz Jacob and Mathias Hutzler 2016 Not open access.
Torulaspora delbrueckii in the brewing process: A new approach to enhance bioflavour and to reduce ethanol content Laura Canonico, Alice Agarbati, Francesca Comitini, Maurizio Ciani 2016 Not open access.
Terminal acidic shock inhibits sour beer bottle conditioning by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cody M. Rogers, Devon Veatch, Adam Covey, Caleb Staton, Matthew L. Bochman 2016 Describes a method to "train" S. cerevisiae to be more pH tolerant. Not open access.
Social wasps are a Saccharomyces mating nest Irene Stefaninia, Leonardo Dapporto, Luisa Berná, Mario Polsinelli, Stefano Turillazzid, and Duccio Cavalieria 2015 Found that S. cerevisiae not only breeds inside the guts of wasps that eat grapes, but also breeds with other species of yeast to create hybrids that survive better in the guts of the wasps.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a nomadic yeast with no niche? Matthew R. Goddard, and Duncan Greig 2015 Proposes new hypothesis that S. cerevisiae is a generalized and nomadic microbe rather than a fruit-loving microbe based on the "neutral theory of ecology". Open access.
Regional microbial signatures positively correlate with differential wine phenotypes: evidence for a microbial aspect to terroir Knight, Sarah and Klaere, Steffen and Fedrizzi, Bruno and Goddard, Matthew 2015 Open access. This is the first quantitative demonstration of a microbial component of terroir.
Alcohol-brewing properties of acid- and bile-tolerant yeasts co-cultured with lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional handmade domestic dairy products from Inner Mongolia Takashi Kuda Sarengaole, Hajime Takahashi, Bon Kimura 2015 Not open access.
Pyrosequencing reveals regional differences in fruit-associated fungal communities Michael W. Taylor, Peter Tsai, Nicole Anfang, Howard A. Ross, and Matthew R. Goddard 2015 Open access. Showed that yeast diversity on wine grapes differs by region; Saccharomyces made up only 0.00005% of the total readings.
Genetic and physiological characterization of yeast isolated from ripe fruit and analysis of fermentation and brewing potential Michael Lentz, Travis Putzke, Rick Hessler, and Eric Luman 2014 Open access.
Microbial biogeography of wine grapes is conditioned by cultivar, vintage, and climate Bokulich NA, Thorngate JH, Richardson PM, Mills DA. 2014 Suggests link between microbial terroir and vineyard environmental conditions.
Monitoring Seasonal Changes in Winery-Resident Microbiota Nicholas A. Bokulich, Moe Ohta, Paul M. Richardson, David A. Mills 2013
Geographic delineations of yeast communities and populations associated with vines and wines in New Zealand Velimir Gayevskiy and Matthew R Goddard 2012 Study leading up to the 2015 Goddard study above focusing on regional genetic differences in S. cerevisae.
Biotechnological potential of non-Saccharomyces yeasts isolated during spontaneous fermentations of Malvar (Vitis vinifera cv. L.) Cordero-Bueso, Esteve Zarzoso, Cabellos, Gil-Díaz 2012 Open access. Records secondary metabolites produced by various wild yeasts in mono-culture fermentations of wine must.
Studies on growth and metabolism of Oenococcus oeni on sugars and sugar mixtures D.-S. Zhang and R.W. Lovitt 2005
A history of research on yeasts 9: regulation of sugar metabolism James A. Barnett and Karl-Dieter Entian 2005 Covers Pasteur effect, Custers effect, glucose repression, etc.
Evidence for Domesticated and Wild Populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Justin C Fay, Joseph A Benavides 2005 Open access.

Lactic Acid Bacteria

Title Authors Date Note
Key volatile aroma compounds of lactic acid fermented malt based beverages – impact of lactic acid bacteria strains Sorelle Nsogning Dongmo, Bertram Sacher, Hubert Kollmannsberger, Thomas Becker 2017
Lactic acid bacteria as sensory biomodulators for fermented cereal-based beverages Lorenzo C. Peyer, Emanuele Zannini, Elke K. Arendt 2016
Screening the Hydroxylation of Fatty Acids with Lactic Acid Bacteria Based on the Lactonization of the Hydroxylated Products Yuka Suzuki, Sakiko Hatanaka, Makoto Kanauchi, Shin Kasahara, and Makoto Shimoyamada 2016 Not open access.
Metabolic strategies of beer spoilage lactic acid bacteria in beer Andreas J. Geissler, Jürgen Behr, Kristina von Kamp, Rudi F. Vogel 2015 Not open access.
The Use and Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Malting and Brewing with Their Relationships to Antifungal Activity, Mycotoxins and Gushing: A Review Deirdre P. Lowe and Elke K. Arendt 2012 Open access.
125th Anniversary Review: Bacteria in brewing: The good, the bad and the ugly Vriesekoop, Krahl, Hucker, Menz 2012 Open access.
Lactobacillus: the Next Generation of Malolactic Fermentation Starter Cultures — an Overview Maret du Toit & Lynn Engelbrecht & Elda Lerm & Sibylle Krieger-Weber 2010 Open access. Review paper.
Volatile compounds produced by the probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB 8826 in cereal-based substrates. Ivan Salmeron, Pablo Fuciños, Dimitris Charalampopoulos, Severino S. Pandiella 2009
Pediocins: The bacteriocins of Pediococci. Sources, production, properties and applications Maria Papagianni 2009 Open access.
Broth and agar hop-gradient plates used to evaluate the beer-spoilage potential of Lactobacillus and Pediococcus isolates M. Haakensen, A. Schubert, B. Ziola 2009 Measured growth in beer of many strains and species of LAB.
Fundamentals of Beer and Hop Chemistry Keukeleire 1998, August 12 Useful information regarding how beta acids and iso-alpha acids inhibit/effect the grown of gram-positive bacteria and LAB. Open access.
Beer spoilage bacteria and hop resistance Sakamoto and Konings 2003 Another useful paper for antimicrobial properties of hops and bacterial resistance. Not open access.
Localization and Characterization of α-Glucosidase Activity in Lactobacillus brevis De Cort, Shantha Kumara, Verachtert 1994 Open access.
Growth Response of Lactobacillus brevis to Aeration and Organic Catalysts. J. R. Stamer and B. O. Stoyla. 1967, Sept Referenced by Wyeast 5223 L. brevis. Open Access.
Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Pediococcus, including Pediococcus claussenii sp. nov., a novel lactic acid bacterium isolated from beer C. Melissa Dobson, Harry Deneer, Sun Lee, Sean Hemmingsen, Sarah Glaze and Barry Ziola 2002 Open access.
Isolation of a Hop-Sensitive Variant of Lactobacillus lindneri and Identification of Genetic Markers for Beer Spoilage Ability of Lactic Acid Bacteria Koji Suzuki, Kazumaru Iijima, Kazutaka Ozaki, and Hiroshi Yamashita 2005 Open access.

Lambic, Spontaneous Fermentation, and other Mixed Fermentation beers

Title Authors Date Note
The power of sour – A review: Old traditions, new opportunities. S. Bossaert, S. Crauwels, G. De Rouck and B. Lievens 2019 Open Access
Wort Substrate Consumption and Metabolite Production During Lambic Beer Fermentation and Maturation Explain the Successive Growth of Specific Bacterial and Yeast Species Jonas De Roos, Peter Vandamme, and Luc De Vuyst 2018 Open access
The Interior Surfaces of Wooden Barrels Are an Additional Microbial Inoculation Source for Lambic Beer Production J. De Roos, D. Van der Veken, L. De Vuyst 2018 Not open access
Microbial acidification, alcoholization, and aroma production during spontaneous lambic beer production Jonas De Roos and Luc De Vuyst 2018 Review paper; not open access.
Acid and Volatiles of Commercially-Available Lambic Beers Katherine Thompson Witrick, Susan E. Duncan, Ken E. Hurley, and Sean F. O’Keefe 2017 Open access. Many errors regarding the brewing process and other aspects of lambic that are not the focus of the paper, however the analytical data is useful. See this MTF thread.
Sour Brewing: Impact of Lactobacillus amylovorus FST2.11 on Technological and Quality Attributes of Acid Beers Lorenzo C. Peyer, Martin Zarnkow, Fritz Jacob, David P. Schutter, Elke K. Arendt 2017 Not open access (see citations on MTF wiki and summary on MTF).
Effect of mixed cultures on microbiological development in Berliner Weisse (master thesis) Thomas Hübbe 2016 Available on MTF
The microbial diversity of an industrially produced lambic beer shares members of a traditionally produced one and reveals a core microbiota for lambic beer fermentation Spitaels, Wieme, Janssens, Aerts, Van Landschoot, De Vuyst, Vandamme 2015, August Not open access
Microbiota and metabolites of aged bottled gueuze beers converge to the same composition Spitaels, Van Kerrebroeck, Wieme, Snauwaert, Aerts, Van Landschoot, De Vuyst, Vandamme 2015, May Not open access
Cross-Kingdom Chemical Communication Drives a Heritable, Mutually Beneficial Prion-Based Transformation of Metabolism Daniel F. Jarosz, Jessica C.S. Brown, Gordon A. Walker, Manoshi S. Datta, W. Lloyd Ung, Alex K. Lancaster, Assaf Rotem, Amelia Chang, Gregory A. Newby,David A. Weitz, Linda F. Bisson, and Susan Lindquist. 2014, August Open access. See Pediococcus.
An Evolutionarily Conserved Prion-like Element Converts Wild Fungi from Metabolic Specialists to Generalists Daniel F. Jarosz, Alex K. Lancaster, Jessica C.S. Brown, Susan Lindquist. 2014, 28 August Not open access. See Pediococcus.
The Microbial Diversity of Traditional Spontaneously Fermented Lambic Beer Spitaels, Wieme, Janssens, Aerts, Daniel, Van Landschoot, De Vuyst, Vandamme 2014, April 18 Open access
BELGIAN ACIDIC BEERS Daily Reminiscences of the Past Verachtert and Denderlinckx 2014 Not open access.
Taming Wild Yeast: Potential of Conventional and Nonconventional Yeasts in Industrial Fermentations Steensels and Verstrepen 2014 Not open access
Brewhouse-Resident Microbiota Are Responsible for Multi-Stage Fermentation of American Coolship Ale Bokulich, Bamforth, Mills 2012, April 18 Open access.
Characterization of aroma and flavor compounds present in lambic (gueuze) beer Katherine Witrick 2012 PhD Thesis. Open access.
Occurrence of sotolon, abhexon and theaspirane-derived molecules in Gueuze beers. Chemical similarities with ‘yellow wines’ Scholtes, Nizet, Colin 2012 Open access.
Fermentation Studies on the Traditional Russian Drink “Sourish Shchi” Dankovtsev, Vostrikov, Markina 2002 Open access.
Microbiological Aspects of a Mixed Yeast—Bacterial Fermentation in the Production of a Special Belgian Acidic Ale Martens, Iserentant, Verachtert 1997 Open access.
Properties of Belgian acid beers and their microflora. Part I. The production of gueuze and related refreshing acid beers Verachtert H, Iserentant D 1995
Synthesis of Aroma Compounds By Wort Enterobacteria During the First Stage of Lambic Fermentation Martens, Dawoud, Verachtert 1992 Open access.
Wort Enterobacteria and Other Microbial Populations Involved During the First Month of Lambic Fermentation Martens, Dawoud, Verachtert 1991 Open access.
Identification of Lambic Superattenuating Micro-Organisms By the Use of Selective Antibiotics Shantha Kumara and Verachtert 1991 Open access.
Fatty Acids and Esters Produced During the Spontaneous Fermentation of Lambic and Gueuze Spaepen, Van Oevelen, Verachtert 1978 Open access.
Microbiological Aspects of Spontaneous Wort Fermentation in the Production of Lambic and Gueuze Van Oevelen, Spaepen, Timmermans, Verachtert 1977 The source of the data used to create the Apte chart of which microbes are active at a given time in Lambic Fermentation as presented in his 2004 slideshow and in Wild Brews. Open access.
Synthesis of Aroma Components During the Spontaneous Fermentation of Lambic and Gueuze Van Oevelen, De L'Escaille Verachtert 1976 Open access.
Mapping microbial ecosystems and spoilage-gene flow in breweries highlights patterns of contamination and resistance Nicholas A Bokulich, Jordyn Bergsveinson, Barry Ziola, David A Mills 2015, March 9 Open access; measures LAB and yeast populations throughout a brewery with a coolship, controlled sour beer production, and traditional clean beer production. Also contains info about hop resistance levels of different LAB species.
Microbial diversity and metabolite composition of Belgian red-brown acidic ales Snauwaert, Roels, Van Nieuwerberg, Van Landschoot, De Vuyst, Vandamme 2016, March Not open access

Historical

These studies focus on historical beer analysis.

Title Authors Date Note
Domestication and Divergence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Beer Yeasts Brigida Gallone1, Jan Steensels1, Troels Prahl, Leah Soriaga, Veerle Saels, Beatriz Herrera-Malaver, Adriaan Merlevede, Miguel Roncoroni, Karin Voordeckers, Loren Miraglia, Clotilde Teiling, Brian Steffy, Maryann Taylor, Ariel Schwartz, Toby Richardson, Christopher White, Guy Baele, Steven Maere, Kevin J. Verstrepen. 2016-09 Open Access. See also Popular Mechanics overview.
Brettanomyces – hero or villain? Ron Pattenson, Shut Up About Barclay Perkins 2015-05 Ron's analysis of a study on Brettanomyces beers in the Journal of the Institute of Brewing, Volume 67, Issue 3, May-June 1961.
Analysis of Beers from an 1840s’ Shipwreck John Londesborough, Michael Dresel, Brian Gibson, Riikka Juvonen, Ulla Holopainen, Atte Mikkelson, Tuulikki Seppänen-Laakso, Kaarina Viljanen, Hannele Virtanen, Arvi Wilpola, Thomas Hofmann, and Annika Wilhelmson 2015-02 Chemical analysis of historical beers found to have bacteria in them. Press conference that says 4 live species of Lactobacillus were found. Open access.

Misc Topics

Title Authors Date Note
Journal of Ethnic Foods NA NA Open access.
The Microbiology of Malting and Brewing Nicholas A. Bokulicha and Charles W. Bamforth 2013, June Open access.
Use of beta-glucosidase activity for flavour enhancement in specialty beers Luk Daenen 2012 (presentation) Open access.
Effects of pH Adjustment and Sodium Ions on Sour Taste Intensity of Organic Acids E.R.D. Neta, S.D. Johanningsmeier, M.A.Drake 2009 Open access.
Release of hydroxycinnamic acids and formation of flavour-active volatile phenols during the beer production process Nele Vanbeneden 2007 PhD thesis. Open access. Study on 4VG/4VP, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, etc. English sections available.
Ferulic acid release and 4-vinylguaiacol formation during brewing and fermentation: indications for feruloyl esterase activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Coghe S, Benoot K, Delvaux F, Vanderhaegen B, Delvaux FR. 2004 Not open access. Studied production of ferulic acid and 4VG production in barley and wheat based beers, fermented with S. cerevisiae.
Organic Acids and Glycerol in Beer. Klopper, Angelino, Tuning, and Vermeire 1986
Changes in resin Composition and Brewing Behaviour of Hops During Storage. A. L. Whitear 1965

Other resources

These studies, presentations, or discussions aren't peer reviewed but they do contain useful info for brewing sour and funky beers. Also a list of database resources.

Title Authors Date Note
National Collect of Yeast Cultures Yeast bank.
ATCC Yeast bank.
Straininfo Database of strains.
Mycobank Database of classified species.
Measurement of Oxygen Transfer Rates for Carboy Closures and Air Locks Gibbs 2011, November 10 Study performed by Better Bottle. Open access.
How to Make Sour Ale: an inquiry Apte 2004 contains Apte's charts for oxygen permeability and other notable references. Open access.
Pickled beer: Concepts of Sour Ale Raj Apte 2004 A presentation about sour beer. Open access.
Lactic Acid Beverages: sour beer, (milk), & soda Raj Apte A presentation about sour beer and other lactic fermentations.
Horse of a Different Color Nate Sampson, Michael Tonsmeire, Steve Gale, Tomme Arthur, Al Buck, Cisco ?, Sean Paxton Round table tasting and discussion of brett primary beers. The author of the transcript is not listed. Open access.
Methods of Creating and Maintaining 'Wild' House Cultures Kyle Kohlmorgan 2013 Presentation at NHC 2013. Notes available here. Audio available from the AHA website past presentations section (must be an AHA member for access).
The Mystery of Lambic Beer Jacques De Keersmaecker 1996 Article in Scientific American. Open access.
Microbiology and Biochemistry of Lambic Beer Overattenuation H. M. Chandana Shantha Kumara 1990 Dissertation; not open access. See also Hors Categorie blog.

See Also

Additional Articles on MTF Wiki

External Resources

References

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