13,701
edits
Changes
added new section "Microbiology and Fermentation Profile"
The most common lactic acid bacteria found in historical Berliner Weisse was ''Lactobacillus brevis'', although other species such as ''L. parabrevis'' were also used. ''Brettanomyces'' species often found in Berliner Weisse includes ''B. bruxellensis'' and ''B. anomalus''. ''S. cerevisiae'' (ale) strains were the primary fermenting yeast <ref name="Hubbe"></ref>.
====''Brettanomyces'' Identification====
Richard Preiss of [[Escarpment Laboratories]] cultured and isolated ''Brettanomyces'' from several old bottles of Berliner Weisse from breweries that are no longer in operation. The current species identification results via ITS sequencing are shown below:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Bottle (Year) !! Species (Number of strains) !! Source Note
|-
| Hochschule (1980?) || ''Brettanomyces anomalus'' (4 strains)
|-
| Willner (1987?) || ''Brettanomyces anomalus'' (1 strain) and ''Brettanomyces bruxellensis'' (1 strain)
|-
| Schultheiss (1975? bottle 1, good label) || ''Brettanomyces bruxellensis'' (2 strains)
|-
| Schultheiss (1975? bottle 2, crappy label) || ''Brettanomyces bruxellensis'' (8 strains)
|-
| Schultheiss (2005) || ''Brettanomyces bruxellensis'' (4 strains)
|-
|}
From these results, the overall occurrence of ''Brettanomyces in historical Berliner Weisse was 25% for ''B anomalus'' and 75% for ''B. bruxellensis'', with the bottle of Hochschule only containing strains of ''B anomalus'' and multiple bottles of Schultheiss only contained strains of ''B. bruxellensis''. the bottle of Willner also contained living bacteria and thus was more intact and maybe the most representative of typical Berliner Weisse, giving the possibility of recreating what this beer might have been like. Preiss noted that one of the ''B. anomalus'' strains from the Hochschule bottle expressed "subtle Bretty notes". Escarpment Laboratories plans on fingerprinting the ''B. bruxellensis'' strains to see which ones are duplicates and which ones are unique <ref>[https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1752889231405950/?comment_id=2288623791165822&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D Richard Price. Milk The Funk Facebook thread update about isolating ''Brettanomyces'' from old bottles of Berliner Weisse. 09/20/2018.]</ref>.
===Trade Law===