Nonconventional Yeasts and Bacteria
Nonconventional Yeasts and Bacteria are yeasts and bacteria genre that haven't been greatly explored in alcoholic fermentation, but might prove to be worth exploration. This page contains anecdotal information, as well as scientific information that might prove useful for brewers who are looking to brew with microbes that don't include the typical lab yeasts and bacteria for sour/mixed fermentations. For yeasts and bacteria that are more often used in sour and mixed fermentations, see Saccharomyces, Brettanomyces, Lactobacillus, and 'Pediodoccus.
Under progress
Potential references:
- https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1336235339738010/?comment_id=1336277939733750&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D - https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1337089182985959/ - https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1346900285338182/ - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0963996916302332 - https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1366829093345301/ - https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1365795896781954/ - https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1380004022027808/ - https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1284664904895054/ - https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1400174630010747/ - https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1420821137946096/ - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S074000201630452X - https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1457271340967742/ - Review: Pure non-Saccharomyces starter cultures for beer fermentation with a focus on secondary metabolites and practical applications - https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1485339661494243/ - https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1140282595999953/ - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12102552 - https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1546044102090465/ - http://beer.suregork.com/?p=3860 - http://ijs.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.001607 - https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1582089058485969/ - http://www.mbaa.com/publications/tq/tqPastIssues/2017/Pages/TQ-54-1-0215-01.aspx - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/03/27/121103 - https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1640324282662446/ - https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1659004047461136/ - https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1669790909715783/ - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jib.381/full - http://www.asbcnet.org/publications/journal/vol/2017/Pages/ASBCJ-2017-2532-01.aspx - https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1680093658685508/ - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/yea.3146/abstract - https://mail.google.com/mail/u/1/?ui=2&ik=1b8e47c65b&view=att&th=15c548b66cda8ae6&attid=0.1&disp=safe&zw - https://www.facebook.com/groups/MilkTheFunk/permalink/1649825158379025/
Yeasts
Pichia
Bacteria
Oenococcus
Oenococcus kitaharae
Oenococcus oeni
Oenococcus oeni(also know as Leuconostoc oeni) is a Genus of Gram-positive LAB(Lactic Acid Bacteria), ellipsoidal to spherical in shape that is primarily used in Malolactic Fermentation. Oenococcus oeni is a facultative anaerobe. It is able to use oxygen for cellular respiration but can also gain energy through fermentation. It characteristically grows well in the environments of wine, being able to survive in acidic conditions below pH 3.0 and tolerant of ethanol levels above 10%. Optimal growth occurs on sugar and protein rich media. Then tend to grow in chains or pairs. O. Oeni is heterofermentative and generally produces CO2, Ethanol, Acetate, and Diacetyl.
O. oeni ferments sugars using both the hexose-monophosphate and phosphoketolase pathways using the enzymes Glucose-6-phosphate and xylulose-5-phosphoketolase to from D(-)-lactic acid, CO2 and ethanol in equal amounts when metabolising D-glucose. O.oeni can convert pentose phosphate to acetic acid in an oxygen dependant reaction which requires NADP. It cannot metabolize polysaccharides and alcohols.
O.oeni can decarboxylate L-malate to L(+)-lactate, but cannot use it as a sole source of carbon. It requires the amino acids Glutamic acid, valine, guanine, adenine, xanthine, uracil, riboflavin, folic acid, nicotinic acid, thiamine, biotine and pantothenic acid. There is some variation of amino acid requirement between strains.
| Name | Mfg# | |
|---|---|---|
| White Labs | Malolactic Culture | |
| Wyeast | Malolactic Blend | |
| CHR Hansen | Viniflora |
Lab Cultures
White Labs - Malolactic Culture
Wyeast - Malolactic Blend
CHR Hansen - Viniflora
Weisella
See also: