Cantillon
Cantillon Brewery (Brasserie-Brouwerij Cantillon) is a small Belgian traditional family brewery based in Anderlecht, Brussels and founded in 1900, notable for its lambic beers.
Lambic and the spontaneous fermentation according to Cantillon
Traditional Lambic is made according to the following rules:
Ingredients:
- raw wheat 35%
- malted barley 65%
- dried hops (three years old) : 5 g per liter of beer
Process:
- brewing (from 45°c up to 72°c)
- collecting the wort by filtering
- boiling and hopping in the boilers
- cooling down in the cooling tun, in contact with the open air
- natural infection of the wort by wild ferments (bacteria and yeasts)
- pumping the wort at a temperature of 18°c into oakwood or chestnutwood barrels
- spontaneous fermentation, visible in the beginning, slow afterwards
- transformation of all the sugars within three years
Looks of Lambic:
Still beer, cereals wine. During the fermentation, the carbon dioxide escapes through the wood and as a result does not saturate the beer.
Gravity
Original Gravity
It is estimated that the original gravity of Cantillon Lambic is between ~1.045 and ~1.050. This information is based on known ABV% and final gravity reaching low as ~1.005 in 3 year old lambic.
Blended Gravity
Final blend of 1, 2, and 3 year old lambic in order to make a gueuze is no more than 3.5 plato or 1.014 sg.
Fruit Ratios
| Name | Fruit | Quantity | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kriek | cherry | 240 grams per liter = 2 pounds per US gallon | frozen whole fruits, 8 weeks - crop dependent |
| Saint Laminus | merlot and cabernet-franc grapes | 240 grams per liter = 2 pounds per US gallon | Fresh, whole, and NO longer than 8 weeks or acidity from the skins develop. |
| Rosé de Gambrinus | raspberry | 300 (grams per liter) = 2.5 pounds per US gallon | frozen whole fruits, 8 weeks - crop dependent |
| Vigneronne | white italian grapes | 240 grams per liter = 2 pounds per US gallon | Fresh, whole, and NO longer than 8 weeks or acidity from the skins develop. |
| Fou' Foune | Bergeron apricot | 240 grams per liter = 2 pounds per US gallon | half pitted, half not pitted but sliced in half for 3 weeks. Any longer and it becomes too tannic |
| Lou Pepe | cherry or raspberry | 300 (grams per liter) = 2.5 pounds per US gallon | 2 year old lambic, whole fresh fruits in the barrel, 8 weeks - crop dependent |
| Blåbær Lambik | blueberry | 240 grams per liter = 2 pounds per US gallon | young/early/tart whole fresh in the barrel, 8 weeks - crop dependent |
Lambic Variations
Gueuze 100% Lambic
Blending Ratio
The Cantillon Classic Gueuze standard ratio is 17% / 33% / 50% of 3yr / 2yr / 1yr lambic.
History
In the 18th century, a Benedictine monk, dom Pérignon, discovers the champagne method by blending different non sparkling white wines. One century later, a Brabant brewer blends different lambics and brings about a spontaneous fermentation in the bottle. The Gueuze was born.
Until the 19th century, the people from Brussels and Brabant mostly drank two beers, Lambic and Faro. The glass bottle and the discovery of Dom Perignon will bring about a revolution in the small world of the Brussels brewers. The Gueuze became the icon of the Brussels beers
Lambic, which is the base for the making of Gueuze, is a spontaneous fermentation beer. All beers made with Lambic are naturally sour, but some will be more sour, more bitter or "softer" than the others. The Gueuze is the result of a well-considered blending of Lambics of different ages and with different tastes. The Lambic beers from the Cantillon brewery, which are conserved in oakwood barrels, are called "young" after one year, but they will reach their full maturity after three years. The young beers contain the sugars which are necessary for the second fermentation in the bottle. The three years old beers will contribute their taste and their flavour. The main task for the brewer, however, is tasting. He will taste about ten Lambics from different barrels in order to select five or six which will be used for the Gueuze 100% Lambic presenting the typical characteristics of the beers from the Cantillon brewery. The bottles are closed with a cork, capped with a crown-cork. They will remain horizontally in a cellar for a year on average, in order to allow the sugars to be converted into carbon dioxide (second fermentation in the bottle). The saturation of the beer is slow and natural. When the Lambic becomes sparkling, it is called Gueuze. At that moment, this crown-jewel of the Cantillon brewery will leave the cellar of the brewery and find its way to the cellars of the lovers of the traditional Gueuze. Every blending will produce a different Gueuze. Since it is a natural process, it is impossible to make a standard beer. This beer is not only unique because of its brewing process, but also because it can be conserved for a long time. When kept in a good cellar, a Cantillon Gueuze will still have an exceptional taste and flavor after 20 years. The Gueuze 100% Lambic Cantillon represents half of the production of the brewery. The Gueuze 100% Lambic is available in 37,5 cl (1/2) or 75 cl (1/1) bottles.
Grand Cru Bruocsella
Straight unblended 3 year old lambic.
Fruit Lambic
- Kriek - cherry lambic
- Rosé de Gambrinus - raspberry lambic
- Vigneronne - white grape lambic
- St Lamvinus - red grape lambic
- Fou' Foune - apricot lambic
- Lou Pepe - cherry or raspberry with 2 year old lambic
Kriek
St Lamvinus
Rosé de Gambrinus
Cantillon Vigneronne
Fou' Foune
Lou Pepe
Blaber Lambic
Iris
Iris is a completely unique beer from anything else Cantillon does. Although it is a spontaneous fermentation beer, the Iris is very different from the Lambic.
As with Cantillon Lambic, the Original Gravity is estimated to be between ~1.045 and ~1.050. This would be consistent with other 5% abv Cantillon beer.
Ingredients
- 100% pale malt
- 50% fresh hops
- 50% aged hops
About
Iris is different than Lambic. It is only made with malt of the pale ale type (giving a more amber color to the beer) conserves the typical flavor of the spontaneous fermentation, the complex aromas and the vinous taste. The hopping is different too. Lambic is made with 100% dried hops, for the Iris they use 50% of dried hops and 50% of fresh hops. The latter cause a superb acidity, the former, due to their tannins, enable to conserve the beer while preserving all its qualities.
After two years in the barrel, the Iris undergoes a second fresh hopping two weeks before the bottling. A linen bag, filled with hops, is soaked in the beer for two weeks. This technique, called "cold hopping", gives the beer a more intense flavor and makes the smell and the taste more bitter.
Iris is brewed only once every season and all the beers come from the same brewing. This is why the beer is dated. The second fermentation at bottling is obtained by adding fresh wort.